Term
|
Definition
| an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life forms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an activity or purpose natural to or intended for a person or thing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In biology, an organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. Each does a particular job in the body, and is made up of certain tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules. |
|
|
Term
| compound light microscope |
|
Definition
| an optical instrument for forming magnified images of small objects, consisting of an objective lens with a very short focal length and an eyepiece with a longer focal length, both lenses mounted in the same tube. Origin of compound microscope Expand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (of an organism or part) having or consisting of many cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (of protozoans, certain algae and spores, etc.) consisting of a single cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a microscopic organism, especially a bacterium, virus, or fungus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a single-celled animal that catches food and moves about by extending fingerlike projections of protoplasm. Amoebas are either free-living in damp environments or parasitic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a single-celled freshwater animal that has a characteristic slipperlike shape and is covered with cilia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Cilia occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the spreading of something more widely. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All cells are enclosed with a cell membrane. A selectively permeable cell membrane is one that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by means of active or passive transport. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some cells in multicellular organisms are modified to carry out a particular function, such as transporting a certain substance or executing a specific task. These cells are called specialized cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red blood cell n. Abbr. RBC, rbc. A disk-shaped, biconcave cell in the blood that contains hemoglobin, lacks a nucleus, and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues. Also called erythrocyte, red cell, red corpuscle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| There are two kinds of digestion: mechanical and chemical. Mechanical digestion involves physically breaking the food into smaller pieces. Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth as the food is chewed. Chemical digestion involves breaking down the food into simpler nutrients that can be used by the cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth as the food is chewed. Chemical digestion involves breaking down the food into simpler nutrients that can be used by the cells. Chemical digestion begins in the mouth when food mixes with saliva. Saliva contains an enzyme (amylase) that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a thin, clear, virtually colorless acidic fluid secreted by the stomach glands and active in promoting digestion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
any of numerous minute elongated projections set closely together on a surface, typically increasing its surface area for the absorption of substances, in particular.
a fingerlike projection of the lining of the small intestine.
a fold of the chorion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each of a large number of minute projections from the surface of some cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bronchiole A fine respiratory tube in the lungs of reptiles, birds, and mammals. It is formed by the subdivision of a bronchus and in reptiles and mammals it terminates in a number of alveoli. "bronchiole." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alveoli: The plural of alveolus. The alveoli are tiny air sacs within the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atria of the Heart. The heart is an important organ of the circulatory system. It is divided into four chambers that are connected by heart valves. The upper two heart chambers are called atria. Atria are separated by an interatrial septum into the left atrium and the right atrium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hollow part or cavity in an organ, in particular. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| less technical term for leukocyte. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a colorless crystalline compound that is the main nitrogenous breakdown product of protein metabolism in mammals and is excreted in urine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each of the functional units in the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and its associated tubule, through which the glomerular filtrate passes before emerging as urine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In biochemistry, dialysis is the process of separating molecules in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, such as dialysis tubing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nervous tissue or nerve tissue is the main tissue component of the two parts of the nervous system; the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS), and the branching peripheral nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which regulates and controls bodily functions and activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
|
Definition
| the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The somatic nervous system (SoNS or voluntary nervous system) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements. The SoNS consists of afferent nerves and efferent nerves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an acute contagious viral disease, with fever and pustules usually leaving permanent scars. It was effectively eradicated through vaccination by 1979. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a dark, thick, flammable liquid distilled from wood or coal, consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons, resins, alcohols, and other compounds. It is used in roadmaking and for coating and preserving timber. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by incomplete combustion of carbon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a toxic colorless or yellowish oily liquid that is the chief active constituent of tobacco. It acts as a stimulant in small doses, but in larger amounts blocks the action of autonomic nerve and skeletal muscle cells. Nicotine is also used in insecticides. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes. It typically causes bronchospasm and coughing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pathological condition of the lungs marked by an abnormal increase in the size of the air spaces, resulting in labored breathing and an increased susceptibility to infection. It can be caused by irreversible expansion of the alveoli or by the destruction of alveolar walls. Also called pulmonary emphysema. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that start off in one or both lungs; usually in the cells that line the air passages. The abnormal cells do not develop into healthy lung tissue, they divide rapidly and form tumors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an open sore on an external or internal surface of the body, caused by a break in the skin or mucous membrane that fails to heal. |
|
|
