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science deffinitions 2017-01-30
Light and Optical Systems Vocabulary
56
Science
8th Grade
01/30/2017

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Term
optical device
Definition
is a device that creates, manipulates, or measures electromagnetic radiation.
Term
microscope
Definition
a device that allows you to see closer to a substance/living thing than normal.
Term
telescope
Definition
an optical instrument designed to make distant objects appear nearer.
Term
refracting telescope
Definition
a telescope that uses a converging lens to collect light.
Term
reflecting telescope
Definition
uses a single or combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image.
Term
bioculars
Definition
two telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes when viewing distant objects.
Term
ray diagram
Definition
a diagram that traces the path that light takes in order for a person to view a point on the image of an object.
Term
intensity
Definition
the measurable amount of a property, such as force, brightness, or a magnetic field.
Term
transperant
Definition
allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen.
"transparent blue water"
Term
traslucent
Definition
allowing light, but not detailed images, to pass through; semitransparent.
Term
opague
Definition
not able to be seen through; not transparent.
"the windows were opaque with steam"
Term
nonluminous
Definition
Not capable of producing light, but can be capable of reflecting light from another source.
Term
luminous
Definition
full of or shedding light; bright or shining, especially in the dark. "the luminous dial on his watch"
Term
regular reflection
Definition
When a beam pass of parallel light rays is incident on a smooth and plane surface, the reflected rays will also be parallel.
Term
diffuse reflection
Definition
the reflection of light from a surface
Term
incident ray
Definition
a ray of light that strikes a surface.
Term
plane mirror
Definition
a mirror with a flat reflective surface.
Term
normal
Definition
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions,
Term
angle of incidence
Definition
the angle that an incident line or ray makes with a perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.
Term
angle of reflection
Definition
the angle made by a reflected ray with a perpendicular to the reflecting surface.
Term
law of reflection
Definition
the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface of the mirror all lie in the same plane.
Term
concave mirror
Definition
mirror with a curved reflecting surface.
Term
focal piont
Definition
the point at which rays or waves meet after reflection or refraction, or the point from which diverging rays or waves appear to proceed.
Term
convex mirror
Definition
a spherical reflecting surface (or any reflecting surface fashioned into a portion of a sphere) in which its bulging side faces the source of light.
Term
refracting
Definition
(of water, air, or glass) make (a ray of light) change direction when it enters at an angle.
"the rays of light are refracted by the material of the lens"
Term
lens
Definition
focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction.
Term
concave lens
Definition
thinner at the middle than normal lenses
Term
convex lense
Definition
When parallel rays of light pass through a convex lens the refracted rays converge at one point called the principal focus.
Term
real image
Definition
a reproduction of an object via light that can be formed on a surface
Term
wave model of light
Definition
it undergoes reflection, refraction, and diffraction just like any wave would.
Term
visible light spectrum
Definition
the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.
Term
radio waves
Definition
an electromagnetic wave of a frequency
Term
micro waves
Definition
a form of electromagnetic radiation
Term
infrared waves
Definition
a type of electromagnetic radiation
Term
ultraviolet light
Definition
An example of something ultraviolet is "ultraviolet light" an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of up to 400 nanometers.
Term
x-rays
Definition
an electromagnetic wave of high energy and very short wavelength, which is able to pass through many materials opaque to light.
Term
gamma rays
Definition
the smallest wavelengths and the most energy of any wave in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Term
RADAR
Definition
A method of finding the position and velocity of an object by bouncing a radio wave off it
Term
incandesant
Definition
emitting light as a result of being heated.
"plumes of incandescent liquid rock"
Term
fluorescent
Definition
Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. It is a form of luminescence.
Term
phosphorescene
Definition
The emission of light by a substance as a result of having absorbed energy from a form of electromagnetic radiation
Term
bioluminescence
Definition
The emission of light by living organisms, such as fireflies, glowworms, and certain fish, jellyfish, plankton, fungi, and bacteria.
Term
photoreceptors
Definition
A nerve ending, cell, or group of cells specialized to sense or receive light.
Term
pupil
Definition
the dark circular opening in the center of the iris of the eye, varying in size to regulate the amount of light reaching the retina.
Term
iris
Definition
a flat, colored, ring-shaped membrane behind the cornea of the eye
Term
retina
Definition
a layer at the back of the eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light and that trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.
Term
photophore
Definition
a light-producing organ in certain fishes and other animals.
Term
rods
Definition
A type of specialized light-sensitive cell in the retina of the eye that provides side vision and the ability to see objects in dim light (night vision).
Term
cones
Definition
a solid whose surface is generated by a line passing through a fixed point and a fixed plane curve not containing the point
Term
optic nerve
Definition
one of the second pair of cranial nerves, consisting of sensory fibers that conduct impulses from the retina to the brain
Term
camera eyes
Definition
possess sensory organs specialized for use in aquatic conditions. They have a camera-type eye which consists of an iris, a circular lens,
Term
nocturnal
Definition
If something is nocturnal, it belongs to or is active at night.
Term
compound eyes
Definition
Compound eyes are types of eyes made up of many repeating units called ommatidia. These types of eyes are mainly present in insects
A single compound eye can have as many as 30,000 ommatidia.
Term
ommatidium
Definition
each of the optical units that make up a compound eye, as of an insect.
Term
electromagnetic radiation
Definition
a kind of radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, and X-rays, in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously.
Term
electromagnetic spectrum
Definition
the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.
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