THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

DIFFUSION

* The spontaneous movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an are of lower concentration

* Plays an important role in the movement of various substances into & out of the cell through the cell membrane

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

* The difference within a given area or region of the highest and lowest concentrations of a substance

*  Is the process of particles, moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles. The areas are typically separated by a membrane

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

* The movement of molecules or ions across a semi-permeable membrane against the concentration gradient that requires energy

* Is the movement of all types of molecules across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient. Active transport uses cellular energy. Active transport is a good example of a process for which cells require energy

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

CARRIER PROTEIN

* A protein present in the cell membrane that binds to a specific molecules or ions to pass through

* Are proteins that carry substances from one side of a biological membrane to the other. Many carrier proteins are found in a cell's membrane, though they may also be found in the membranes of internal organelles such as the mitochondria, chloroplasts & nucleolus 

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

CHANNEL PROTEIN

* A protein present in the cell membrane that forms a passageway for specific molecules or ions to pass through

*  Is a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

ENDOCYTOSIS

*  A process of moving molecules or particles into a cell using a vesicle formed from the cell membrane

*  Is the process of actively transporting molecules into the cell by engulfing it with its membrane. Endocytosis and exocytosis are used by all cells to transport molecules that cannot pass through the membrane passively

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

EXOCYTOSIS

* A process of removing molecules or particles from a cell through vesicles that fuse to the cell membrane & rupture

* Membrane-bound vesicles containing cellular molecules are transported to the cell membrane

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

EQUILIBRIUM

* A state of balance between opposite actions

* A state of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

FACILITATIVE DIFFUSION

* Diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane through carrier proteins; does not require energy

* Is the process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific trans-membrane integral proteins

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

HYPERTONIC

* Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution 

*  Refers to a solution with higher osmotic pressure than another solution. In other words, a hypertonic solution is one in which there is a greater concentration or number of solute particles outside a membrane than there are inside it

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

HYPOTONIC

* Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution

* Is any solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution. In the biological fields, this generally refers to a solution that has less solute and more water than another solution

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

ISOTONIC

* Having the same concentration of solute as another solution

* An isotonic solution refers to two solutions having the same osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane. This state allows for the free movement of water across the membrane without changing the concentration of solutes on either side

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

OSMOSIS

* The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

* A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

* Movement that does not require energy

* Is a movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

* The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy

* Is the term used to describe the processes of moving materials through the cell membrane that requires the use of energy. There are three main types of Active Transport: The Sodium-Potassium pump, Exocytosis, and Endocytosis

THE ROLE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT

SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE

* A membrane that allows only certain particles to pass through; can be naturally or synthetically produced

* Is a type of biological or synthetic, polymeric membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion—or occasionally by more specialized processes of facilitated diffusion, passive transport or active transport