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Science Chapter 8 Quiz
Vocabulary
34
Science
8th Grade
12/29/2010

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Term
Diamond
Definition
A crystalline form of carbon in which each carbon atom is bonded strongly to four other carbon atoms. Therefore, it is extremely hard and nonreactive.
Term
Graphite
Definition
A form of carbon where each carbon atom is bonded tightly to three other carbon atoms in flat layers. The bonds between atoms in different layers are very weak, so the layers slide past one another easily.
Term
Fullerene
Definition
A form of carbon where atoms are arranged in the shape of a hollow sphere.
Term
Nanotube
Definition
A form of carbon where the atoms are arranged in the shape of a long, hollow cylinder.
Term
Organic compounds
Definition
Compounds with carbon
Term
Hydrocarbon
Definition
A compounds that contains only carbon and hydrogen
Term
Structural Formula
Definition
A formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
Term
Isomers
Definition
Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas
Term
Saturated hydrocarbons
Definition
Hydrocarbons with only single bonds
Term
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Definition
Hydrocarbons with at least one double or triple bond
Term
Substituted hydrocarbon
Definition
A hydrocarbon where atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon
Term
Hydroxyl group
Definition
OH; it can substitute for hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon
Term
Alcohol
Definition
A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups
Term
Organic acid
Definition
A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups
Term
Carboxyl group
Definition
COOH
Term
Ester
Definition
a compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid. They have pleasant, fruity smells
Term
Polymer
Definition
A very large molecule made of a chain of many smaller molecules bonded together
Term
Monomer
Definition
A smaller molecule that forms the basis of polymers
Term
Protein
Definition
Polymers made in our body
Term
Amino acids
Definition
Monomers that form the basis of proteins. There are 20 of them
Term
Plastics
Definition
Synthetic polymers that can be molded or shaped
Term
Composite
Definition
A substance that combines two or more substances in a new material with different properties. They include one or more polymers
Term
The four classes of organic compounds
Definition
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
an organic compound that is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Term
Glucose
Definition
C6 H12 06; It is a monomer
Term
Complex carbohydrate
Definition
A polymer made of smaller molecules that are simple carbohydrates bonded to one another
Term
Starch
Definition
A complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy
Term
Cellulose
Definition
A complex carbohydrate that helps plants build strong stems and roots. It is sometimes known as fiber
Term
Lipids
Definition
Organic compounds that include fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol. They release twice as much energy as carbohydrates
Term
Fatty acids
Definition
They form the basis of fats. Each fat or oil is made of 3 fatty acids and glycerol
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
A lipid found in all animal cells
Term
Nucleic acids
Definition
Very large organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and nitrogen
Term
DNA & RNA
Definition
Deoxyribonucleic acid and Ribonucleic acid; The two types of nucleic acids
Term
Nucleotides
Definition
The building blocks of nucleic acids
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