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Science ch. 8
Physical science
18
Science
8th Grade
02/28/2011

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Term
Work
Definition
the action that results when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force
Term
joule
Definition
the unit used to express work and energy equivalent to the newton meter
Term
Power
Definition
the rate at which work is done
Term
watt
Definition
the unit used to express power equivalent to joules per second
Term
Work input
Definition
the work done on a machine; the profuct of the input force and the distance through which it is exerted
Term
work output
Definition
the work done by a machince the product of the output force and the distance through which is exerted
Term
mechanical advantage
Definition
a number that tells how many times
Term
Mechanical efficiency
Definition
a comparison expressed as a percemtage of a machines work output; can be calculated by dividing work output by work input and they multiplying by 100
Term
machine
Definition
a device that helps make work easier by changing the size or direction (or both) of a force
Term
simple machine
Definition
the six machines from which all other machinesare constructed: a lever an inclined plane,a wedge ,a screw, a wheel and axel, and a pully
Term
compound machine
Definition
a machine that is made of two or more simple machines
Term
Lever
Definition
a simple machine consisting of a bar that pivots at a fixed point, called the fulcrum; there are three classes of levers, based on where the input force, output force, and fulcrum are placed in a relation to the load first class levers, second class levers and third class levers
Term
fulcrum
Definition
the fixed point about which a lever pivots
Term
inclined plane
Definition
a simple machine that is a straight, slanted surface; a ramp
Term
wedge
Definition
A machine that is a double inclined plane that moves; a wedge is ofter used for cutting
Term
Screw
Definition
a simple machine that is an inclined plane wrapped in a spiral
Term
Wheel and Axle
Definition
a simple machine consisiting of two circular objects of different sizes; wheelis larger of the two circular objects
Term
Pully
Definition
a simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel that holds a rope of cable
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