Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Science and Art of Psych Nursing
N/A
60
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
01/20/2013

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Cards

Term
Dorothea Dix
Definition
  • MH advocate
  • 1841
  • worked for 20 years to reform psych care in mental hospitals
  • directly helped found 32 psych hospitals (including Whitfield Mississippi state hospital)
Term
1841
Definition
what year is associated with Dorothea Dix?
Term
Florence Nightingale 
Definition
  • founder of modern-day nursing
  • opened first nursing school
  • 1860
Term
1860
Definition
what year is Florence Nightingale associated with?
Term
1870s
Definition
in this year, the first American nursing schools were opened
Term
Linda Richards
Definition
  • first graduate nurse in US (1873)
  • developed better nursing care in psych hospitals
  • first American psych nurse
  • opened first American school for psych nurses (1882)
  • created first system for individualized hospital medical records
Term
1873
Definition
Linda Richards became the first graduate nurse in the US in this year
Term
1882
Definition
Linda Richards opened the first American school for psych nurses at McClean Psychiatric Asylum in this year
Term
McClean Psychiatric Asylum
Definition
Linda Richards, in 1882, opened the first school for psych nurses here
Term
Physical, mental
Definition
In a general hospital, pts with _____ disorders are cared for. In a psychiatric hospital, pts with _____ disorders are cared for.
Term
1890s
Definition
by this time, many asylums had schools to train psych nurses
Term
Asylum
Definition
Psych nurses could only work here
Term
  • physical care
  • administer meds
  • supervise hydrotherapy
Definition
What were the roles of psych nurses in the 1890s
Term
1:140
Definition
It was not unusual for this ratio of psych nurses to psych pts. to exist
Term
True
Definition
True or false. In some asylums, there were no trained nurses for the MH pts.
Term
custodial
Definition
in asylums, pt care was mainly _____.
Term
John Hopkins
Definition
first school to include psych nursing in its curriculum (1913)
Term
1913
Definition
In what year did John Hopkins begin to include psych nursing in its curriculum?
Term
"Nursing Mental Disease"
Definition
In 1920, this psych nursing text by Harriet Bailey became the first of its kind
Term
1920
Definition
In what year was "Nursing Mental Disease" by Harriet Bailey published?
Term
Harriet Bailey
Definition
author of "Nursing Mental Disease"-the first psych nursing text
Term
  • define the role
  • standards/accreditation for psych nurses
  • responsibility for educating psych nurses
Definition
What were some struggles for early psych nurses?
Term
National Mental Health Act
Definition
  • created by National Institute of MH 
  • developed programs to train professional psych personnel
  • psych research
  • development of MH programs
  • 1946
Term
1946
Definition
In what year was the National Mental Health Act created?
Term
National Institute of MH 
Definition
What organizations created the National Mental Health Act?
Term
1950
Definition
NLN required nsg. schools to provide an experience in psych nursing for accreditation in this year
Term
1953
Definition
In this year, The Therapeutic Community by Maxwell Jones was published.
Term
The Therapeutic Community
Definition
Written by Maxwell Jones, this work said that mental hospitals function like cities. 
Term
Maxwell Jones
Definition
wrote The Therapeutic Community in 1953
Term
1954
Definition
In this year, major tranquilizers were developed.
Term
Hildegard Peplau
Definition
Mother of psych nursing
Term
Interpersonal Relations in Nursing
Definition
  • provided systematic and  theoretical framework for nsg
  • 1952
  • written by Peplau
  • defined nsg as "significant, therapeutic process"
  • phases of nurse-pt. relationship
  • scientific approach essential to nsg. practice
Term
Interpersonal techniques: The Crux of Psychiatric Nursing
Definition
Written by Peplau in 1962, this identified the role of psych nurse counselor or psychotherapist and differentiated bw levels of practice
Term
Community Mental Health Act
Definition
with this act in 1963, community health centers were funded, multidisciplinary teams were created, and pts were deinstitutionalized.
Term
1963
Definition
The Community Mental Health Centers Act was created in this year
Term
Patients were evicted before proper MH centers existed
Definition
This was a major problem with the Community Mental Health Centers Act.
Term
  • ANA focus on specialty practice
  • standards of psych nsg. practice published
  • generalist/specialist certification by ANA
Definition
Developments in MH nursing in the 1970s
Term
Consumer Movement & MH Recovery
Definition
MH consumers advocated for pt. rights
Term
Decade of the Brain
Definition
  • 1990
  • George HW Bush
  • Goal was to make legislators/public aware of advances in MH field
Term
Mental Health Parity Act of 1996
Definition
Stated that annual and lifetime MH and medical/surgical insurance benefits must be the same
Term
Human Genome Project
Definition
  • 1990-2003
  • study human DNA
  • wanted to: improve data analysis tools, identify genes, determine sequence, store info, and address social, legal, and ethical issues resulting from study
Term
Insurance companies could try to use this information to determine eligibility for benefits
Definition
Potential problem associated with the Human Genome Project
Term
1990-2003
Definition
What year(s) did the study of the Human Genome Project take place?
Term
First Surgeon General's Report on MH
Definition
  • 1999
  • extensive review of literature
  • MH fundamental to overall health
  • effective Txs exist
  • raised Qs for psych nurses like: Are they providing EB care?, Are they aware of efficiency of Tx/interventions which they provide?, Is outcome/characteristics of care documented?
Term
1999
Definition
When was the First Surgeon General's Report on MH released?
Term
President's New Freedom Commission on MH
Definition
  • 2003
  • said MH system was "in shambles" and called for streamlined Tx system
Term
Institute of Medicine
Definition
  • 2005
  • addressed gaps in care (physical/MH)
  • stated that the aim of high quality care should be safe, efficient, effective, pt. centered delivered in a timely and equitable manner.
Term
Research-Practice Gap
Definition
  • stated that there was a gap bw best-evidence Tx & effective delivery into practice
  • report results in easy to understand language
  • 2006
Term
Psychiatric MH Nursing
Definition
Core MH profession that employs purposeful use of self as its art and a wide range of nsg., psychosocial, and neurobiological theories and research evidence as its science.
Term
Evidence-based practice
Definition
Use of scientific evidence for psychological, sociological, and psychopharmacological decision making regarding Tx
Term
Recovery Model for Tx
Definition

A social model of disability vs. medical model of tx.

A personal journey of healing.

Empowering those with mental illness to find meaning and satisfacgtion, realize potential and fx at maximal level of independence.

Term
  • aids effective decision making
  • prevents habitual practice based on experience alone
  • enhances clinical performance
Definition
What are some benefits of EB practice?
Term

Ask a question

Acquire literature

Appraise literature

Apply evidence

Assess performance

Definition
What are the 5 As of integrating EB practice?
Term
  • Who interprets "Best Evidence"
  • Not all issues are solvable by scientific experiments
  • few scientific studies to select nsg interventions
  • cost, reduced staffing, complex pts.
Definition
What are some problems rl/t use of EBP in nsg.?
Term
Internet MH resources, Clinical practice guidelines
Definition

Ways to access best-evidence practice

  1. ______  - .com least reliable
  2. based on literature review of scientific research or "expert clinical experience"
Term
Clinical Algorithms, Clinical/critical pathways
Definition

ways to access best-evidence practice

  1. step by step guidelines in a flowchart format
  2. institution specific and target specific pop. Outlines specific Tx. and interventions w/i a specific time (a prob. they are seeing often)
Term
  • Caring
  • attending
  • patient advocacy
Definition
Three parts to the art of nursing 
Term
Caring
Definition
empathetic understanding, actions, and patience on another's behalf. Use of actions and words and being there for pts., giving self while preserving self
Term
Attending
Definition
being present, listening, touching, giving attentive physical care, active listening, using effective communication skills
Term
Pt. Advocacy
Definition
taking action against instances of incompetence, unethical, illegal, or impaired practices by another HCT member; commiting to pts' health, well-being, and safety; advising pts of their rights; providing accurate/current info; helping improve/expand MH care.
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