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Science 10: Ch 8.1 The Language of Motion
The Language of Motion
24
Science
10th Grade
01/06/2010

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Cards

Term
Define: Displacement
Definition

the straight-line distance and direction from one point to another

Term
Define: Distance
Definition

a scalar quantity that describes the length of a path between two points or locations.

Term
Define: Position
Definition

a vector quantity that describes a specific point

Term
Define: Position-time Graph
Definition
  • a graph of an object's position during corresponding time intervals
  • time data are plotted on the horizontal axis       (x-axis) and position data are plotted on the vertical axis (y-axis)
Term
Define: vectors
Definition
quantities that have both a magnitude and a direction
Term
Define: scalars
Definition
  • quantities that have only a magnitude (do not include direction)

 

Term
Define: slope
Definition
  • the direction of a line on a graph, either

        horizontal (zero)

        slanting up (positive)

        slanting down(negative).

  • slope is calculated by determining the

      ratio of rise over run.

Term
Define: uniform motion
Definition
  • travelling in equal displacements in equal time intervals
  • neither speeding up, slowing down nor changing direction
Term
What is distance measured in?
Definition
  • centimeters
  • meters ( for formulas)
  • kilometers
Term
What is position measured in?
Definition
meters
Term
What are time intervals?
Definition
Time interval is the difference between the initial time the event begins to the final time when the event ends.
Term
Define: Time
Definition
  • describes when an event occurs

 

Term
How do you calculate time intervals?
Definition
  • Use the letter t for time
  • assign subscript i for the initial time
  • assign subscript f for the final time

Example:  Δt= tf - ti

Term

Watch for signs (+ and -)

 

What sign do you use for North, East, up and right?

Definition
positive (+)
Term

Watch for signs (+ and -)

 

What sign do you use for South, West, down and left?

 

Definition
negative (-)
Term
Is there such thing as true uniform motion?
Definition
No.
Term
What is uniform motion?
Definition

Uniform motion is when objects don't speed up or slow down or change direction.

 

example: when a vehicle continues to travel down a straight road at exactly 60 km an hour.

Term
What are two uses for graphing uniform motion?
Definition
  1. shows the object's position at given times and allows us to picture the motion
  2. used to estimate positions and times that are not given as data  (extrapolation or interpolation)

eg: you can estimate a ball's position at any given time.

Term
What is a "line of best"?
Definition
a smooth curve or straight line that most closely fits the general shape of outlined points on a graph
Term

What kind of a line is used to represent uniform motion on a position-time graph?

Definition
a straight line
Term
What is the quantity that describes the length of a path between two points or locations?
Definition
Distance
Term
What is the quantity that describes a specific point relative to a reference point?
Definition
Position
Term
What is the term used for the difference between the final and initial time?
Definition
Time interval
Term
Describe the displacement, during equal time intervals, of an object moving with uniform motion.
Definition
  • displacement is equal in equal time intervals       (because objects do not speed up, slow down or change direction)
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