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| an organism (consumer) that eats plants (producers); also called a primary consumer |
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| the organism that is harmed in a symbiotic parasitic relationship; the other organism (parasite) benefits |
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| the factor that is the most critical in determining the types of organisms that can exist in an ecosystem; an environmental factor that limits the growth, abundance, or distribution of a population of organisms in an ecosystem |
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| a symbiotic interaction in which both species obtain some benefit from the interaction |
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| the elements and compounds that organisms must have in order to grow and live; includes water, oxygen, vitamins, and minerals, as well as foods that provide fats, proteins, and carbohydrates |
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| Omnivore an organism (consumer) that eats both plants (producers) and animals (consumers) |
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| a single living thing; the first and simplest level of organization that ecologists study |
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| the organism that benefits in a symbiotic parasitic relationship; the other organism (host) is harmed |
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| ] a symbiotic interaction where one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense of another organism (the host), which is often harmed but usually not killed |
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| microscopic algae that obtain energy through photosynthesis; they are found at the surface of oceans, seas, and freshwater bodies |
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