Term
SEISMIC WAVE
(4:1 Earth’s Interior) |
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Definition
| A vibration that travels through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake. (p108,154) |
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Term
PRESSURE
(4:1 Earth’s Interior) |
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Definition
| The amount of force pushing on a surface or area. (p109,509) |
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Term
CRUST
(4:1 Earth’s Interior) |
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Definition
| The layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface. (p23,110) |
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Term
MANTLE
(4:1 Earth's Interior) |
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Definition
| The layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust & core. (p22,110) |
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Term
LITHOSPHERE
(4:1 Earth's Interior) |
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Definition
| A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle & the crust. One of four (4) sphere’s into which scientists divide Earth. (p22,110) |
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Term
ASTHENOSPHERE
(4:1 Earth's Interior) |
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Definition
| Soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats. (p111) |
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Term
OUTER CORE
(4:1 Earth's Interior) |
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Definition
| A layer of molten iron & nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth. (p111) |
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Term
INNER CORE
(4:1 Earth's Interior) |
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Definition
| A dense sphere of solid iron & nickel in the center of Earth. (p111) |
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Term
HEAT TRANSFER
(4:2 Convection Currents & the Mantle) |
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Definition
| The movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object. (p115,533) |
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Term
RADIATION
(4:2 Convection Currents & the Mantle) |
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Definition
| The direct transfer of energy through empty space by electromagnetic waves. (p115,526) |
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Term
CONDUCTION
(4:2 Convection Currents & the Mantle) |
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Definition
| The transfer of heat from one substance to another by direct contact of particles of matter. (p116,534) |
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Term
CONVECTION
(4:2 Convection Currents & the Mantle) |
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Definition
| The transfer of heat by movements of a fluid. (p116,536) |
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Term
DENSITY
(4:2 Convection Currents & the Mantle) |
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Definition
| Amount of mass in a given space; mass per unit volume. (p116, 509) |
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Term
CONVECTION CURRENT
(4:2 Convection Currents & the Mantle) |
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Definition
| The movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another. (p116) |
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Term
PANGAEA
(4:3 Drifting Continents) |
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Definition
| The name of the single landmass that broke apart 225 million years ago & has risen to today’s continents. (p119) |
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Term
CONTINENTAL DRIFT
(4:3 Drifting Continents) |
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Definition
| The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth’s surface. (p119) |
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Term
FOSSIL
(4:3 Drifting Continents) |
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Definition
| The preserved remains or traces of living things. (p120,286) |
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Term
MID-OCEAN RIDGE
(4:4 Sea-Floor Spreading) |
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Definition
| The undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary. (p123,463) |
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Term
SONAR
(4:4 Sea-Floor Spreading) |
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Definition
| System that determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound waves; gets its name from sound navigation & ranging. (p124,461) |
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Term
SEA-FLOOR SPREADING
(4:4 Sea-Floor Spreading) |
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Definition
| The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor. (p125) |
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Term
DEEP-OCEAN TRENCH
(4:4 Sea-Floor Spreading) |
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Definition
| A deep valley along the ocean floor through which oceanic crust slowly sinks towards the mantle. (p128) |
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Term
SUBDUCTION
(4:4 SeaFloor Spreading) |
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Definition
| The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench & back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary. (p128) |
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Term
PLATE
(4:5 The Theory of Plate Tectonics) |
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Definition
| A section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental & oceanic crust. (p132) |
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Term
SCIENTIFIC THEORY
(4:5 The Theory of Plate Tectonics) |
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Definition
| A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations. (p 8,133) |
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Term
PLATE TECTONICS
(4:5 The Theory of Plate Tectonics) |
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Definition
| The theory that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. (p133) |
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Term
FAULT
(4:5 Theory of Plate Tectonics) |
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Definition
| A break or crack in Earth’s lithosphere along which the rocks move. (p134,146) |
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Term
TRANSFORM BOUNDARY
(4:5 Theory of Plate Tectonics) |
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Definition
| A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions. (p134) |
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Term
DIVERGENT BOUNDARY
(4:5 Theory of Plate Tectonics) |
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Definition
| A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other. (p135) |
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Term
RIFT VALLEY
(4:5 Theory of Plate Tectonics) |
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Definition
| A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart. (p135) |
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Term
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
(4:5 Theory of Plate Tectonics) |
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Definition
| A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other. (p136) |
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