Term
| Gottesman and Bertelson (1989) reported an age-corrected incidence rate for schizophrenia of ________ for the offspring of the nonschizophrenic MZ twins. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dissociative identity disorder refers to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excitatory neurotransmitter |
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Term
| In 1911, the term that Eugene Bleuler used to describe schizophrenia referred to a disorder characterized by |
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Definition
| disorganization of thought process, a lack of coherence between thought and emotion, and an inward orientation away from reality. |
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Term
| The first detailed clinical description of what we now recognize to be schizophrenia was offered in 1810 by |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Hollister, Laing, and Mednick, the rate of schizophrenia is about _______ in males who are Rh-incompatible with their mothers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Joi was having a ___________, a sensory experience that seems real to her. |
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Definition
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Term
| Brown and his colleagues refined the construct of expressed emotion, which refers to |
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Definition
| Correct answer that was not selected a measure of the family environment that is based on how a family member speaks about the patient during a private interview with a researcher. |
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Term
| People with schizophrenia are _________ as likely as people in the general population to smoke cannabis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Disturbances of the ________________ are thought to contribute to the agitation frequently seen in schizophrenia. |
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Definition
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Term
| Studies of clinical outcome show that 15 to 25 years after developing schizophrenia, around _______ % of patients have a generally favorable outcome and can be thought of as being recovered. |
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Definition
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Term
| Increased blockade of D2 dopamine receptors is associated with patients reporting |
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Definition
| more negative subjective experiences such as feeling tired and depressed even when other side effects (such as movement problems) are absent. |
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Term
| Ketamine is an anesthetic which is known to |
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Definition
| produce schizophrenia-like positive and negative symptoms when given intravenously to normal subjects. |
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Term
| Preschizophrenic children showed more ______________ than their healthy siblings, according to Walker's research. |
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Definition
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Term
| In ____________________________ there is a split within the intellect, between the intellect and emotion, and between the intellect and external reality. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________________ is a category reserved for schizophrenia-like psychosis that lasts at least a month but does not last for 6 months and so does not warrant a diagnosis of schizophrenia. |
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Definition
| schizoprheniform disorder |
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Term
| When patients are clinically stable, _____________ and _____________ may be helpful. |
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Definition
| social skill training, rehabilitation efforts |
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Term
| Trevor had been on medication for his schizophrenia for several months and was able to go about his everyday life in a fairly normal way. This demonstrates a ________ outcome. |
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Definition
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Term
| Overall, research findings indicate that auditory hallucinations occur when patients |
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Definition
| misinterpret their own self-generated and verbally mediated thoughts as coming from another source. |
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Term
| Researchers are trying to improve verbal memory and vigilance in schizophrenia patients by using |
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Definition
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Term
| Peter has a genetic syndrome called velocardiofacial syndrome. This has caused the deletion of genetic material on chromosome ____. His risk of developing schizophrenia is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Randi was involved in ________________. It was designed to decrease the intensity of her positive symptoms, reduce relapse, and decrease her social disability. |
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Definition
| cognitive behavioral therapy |
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Term
| Nigel was experiencing a positive symptom of schizophrenia when he was having ______________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Which group is NOT listed in your text as a group that has higher incidence rates of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| children born from mothers over 40 |
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Term
| Cantor-Graae and Selten (2005) found that first-generation immigrants (i.e., those born in another country) had ____ times the risk of developing schizophrenia. For second-generation immigrants (i.e., those with one or both parents having been born abroad), the relative risk was ________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cannot know the difference between what is real and what is not. Can't perceive reality accurately (not only mental illnesses) |
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Term
| Many ways to become psychotic : |
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Definition
-Drugs (stimulant)
-Withdrawal from alcohol
-biological/medical medical conditions (head injury, sick in the ICU) |
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Term
| Hyperthyroidism and trauma can lead to ___________ symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| Mania is virtually indistinguishable from |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________________ with schizophrenia have better prognosis (better recovery) |
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Definition
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Term
| Even though the diagnosis rate of schizophrenia is of _______ % across all cultures and populations, people with low SES are __________ times as likely to develop schizop. |
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Definition
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Term
| It is difficile to know what is the direction of the relationship between low SES and schizophrenia because ..... |
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Definition
Schizophrenic are three times as likely to be poor.
It is difficile to keep a job, which may result in poverty.
Poverty is stressful, and could be one of the factors associated with schiz. |
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Term
| There is a ____________ gender distribution of ocurences of schizophrenia in populations. |
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Definition
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Term
| Men tend to have ______________ onsets, around 21, VS women around ______. |
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Definition
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Term
Men tend to have _______ symptoms of schizophrenia
Perhaps because their onset tends to be __________ |
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Definition
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Term
Diagnosis criteria
At least two of (5)
-
-
-
-
-
PLUS
-Functionning marketdly below premorbid level
-symptoms that last at least 6 months |
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Definition
delusions
hallucinations
disorganized speech
catatonic behavior
negative symptoms |
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Term
Type 1
Type 2
schizophrenia
Usually someone has both, but one is more prevalent |
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Definition
type 1 / positive excess of thoughts, delusions
type 2 / deficit of thought, feelings, behaviors, flat affect, flat mood |
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Term
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Definition
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganization
Bizarre Emotions |
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Term
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Definition
Impoverished speech
Flat affect
Low energy ( loss of volition )
social withdrawal
movement disorders |
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Term
| ____________ hallucination are the most common kind |
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Definition
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Term
1-Hallucinations:
2-Delusions:
3-Disorganization:
4-Bizarre emotions: |
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Definition
1-Hallucinations: Sensory events that aren't real, voices talking, generally unpleasant voices that can make demands
2-Delusions: Patently false beliefs, fear of persecution, grandeur, feelings and thoughts are being controlled by outside forces, internal organs are rearranging
3-Disorganization: Confusion and disorganization in thought and speech, loose associations, perseveration of thoughts (incessant), clanging, neogism, cannot organize thoughts
4-Bizarre emotions: may seam happy upon hearing bad news, or reverse |
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Term
| Not expressing emotions predicts a ____________ prognostic |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________ symptoms are the worst because there is no ( less chance of ) remission and improvement |
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Definition
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Term
Negative symptoms
1-Flat Affect
2-Impoverished speech
3-Loss of volition
4-Social withdrawal
5-Movement disorder |
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Definition
Negative symptoms
1-Flat Affect : Conveys little to no emotion, seems like a statue, face is very stil, voice is monotomous,
2-Impoverished speech
3-Loss of volition : can't find the energy for most tasks, left on their own will accomplish very little, ambivalence about all decisions, don't grom, don't take care of themselves
4-Social withdrawal : No normal social interactions, more comfortable in isolation, highly preoccuppied by their internal experiences
5-Movement disorder
Catatonia, dystonias ( can be caused by medication ) |
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Term
Prodomal phase
Definition + characteristics |
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Definition
Symptoms are not yet obvious, the person has strange ideas and lack of emotions, family and close friends will sense the person has changed, onset may be extremely sudden OR family may say they knew something was always wrong.
the person is usually kind of normal until the the promodal phase of the illness begins |
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Term
Sometimes, schizophrenic were ___________ children.
They may have movement disorder.... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Acutely psychotic, few days or years, no good research why some have short or long episodes...
Functioning deteriorate and often requires hospitalization
periods of psychosis can be shorten but no eliminated with meds |
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Term
| periods of psychosis can be __________ but no eliminated with meds |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Individual gets better, but never goes back to normal . |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 5 other (than schizophrenia) psychotic disorders |
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Definition
-Schizoaffective
-schizophreniform
-delusional
-brief psychotic
-shared psychotic (Donald Trump) |
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Term
| Schizoaffective disorder has a ________ prognosis than schizophrenia. |
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Definition
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Term
Eda/Video from class
She was receiving messages from _____________.
GM, the eagle.
She was disorganized, she had a normal life before she had her kids and her in laws moved in with her, |
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Definition
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Term
What are the impact of genetic factors on schizophrenia
A) _____ chances if both parents are schizophrenic
B)________ if one parent is schizophrenic
C)_____ monozig twin - concordance
D)__________ DZ twins
E) ________ % no relatives with schizophrenia |
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Definition
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Term
| 21 years follow up study of adopted children of schizophrenic parents showed that ... |
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Definition
families with bad communication, children had more chances of developing schizophrenia.
If the communication in the family is good, chances are down to 1 %
Children with parents who were schizophrenics had the greater risk |
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Term
| There is a gene/____________ interaction in schizophrenia |
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Definition
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Term
Children who's mother are exposed to the influenza virus during the ___________ trimester are at higher risk to manifest schizophrenia
(born between ______________ and ____________) |
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Definition
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Term
| Children with high genetic risk and __________ family environment went on to develop schiz. ( diathesis stress model) |
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Definition
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Term
| A __________ in the brain is thought to lie dormant until the normal developmental stage occure in preschizophrenic children |
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Definition
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Term
| In the walker home movie study, it was found that preschizophrenic children show more ______ abnormalities, especially unusual hand movement, less positive and more negative facial emotion ( by age 2) |
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Definition
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Term
| Other factors that have been implicated in the development of schizophrenia |
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Definition
Influenza virus exposure
Early nutritional deficiency
prenatal birth complication |
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Term
| Many brain areas are abnormal in schizop. including ; (5) |
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Definition
decreased brain volume
enlarged ventricules
frontal lobe dysfunction
reduced volume of thalamus
abn. in temporal lobe areas such as hippocampus and amygdala |
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Term
| Brain abnormalities __________ found it all schizophrenic patients |
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Definition
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Term
Dutch hunger winter east and west Germany
The side of the river where there was ________________ had higher risks of schizop. |
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Definition
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Term
| The dopamine hypothesis suggests that there is _________ dopamine production in schizophrenic patient |
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Definition
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Term
| There is a dysregulation of dopamine on the ___ receptor in people with schizophrenia, and autopsy studies reveal higher than normal number of ___________ receptors, as well as densely occupied ____ receptors |
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Definition
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Term
In schizophrenia, D2 receptors fire too often.
In Parkinsons' disease, there is a lack of ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Atypical antipsychotic drugs (which often work better than phenothiazines ) bind to other dopamine receptors and other receptors like ____________ and ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Most likely positive symptoms of schizophrenia are most strongly associated with dopamine excess, while negative symptoms are associated with __________ in brain |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the idea of the schizophrenic mother ? |
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Definition
| It was believed that the mothers' behaviors cause schizophrenia in their children. |
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Term
| Treatments for schizophrenia involve meds + _______________ interventions |
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Definition
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Term
| How were the antipsychotic invented ? |
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Definition
| In the 1940's, they were investigating antihistamine, and 6 patients with psychosis experienced a sharp reduction of positive symptoms |
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Term
| Since the 1960's-1970's, neuroleptics conventional first generation drugs are used widely for psychotic symptoms. They work well with _______ symptoms, but produce no effect on _________ symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| The second generation of antipsychotic drugs, atypical, do not create movement problems, and were a big improvement over the first generation. It is ___________, and most people __________. Medicaid will NOT pay for it, but most insurance won't. |
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Definition
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Term
| African american males are __________ likely to get access to second generation antipsychotics. |
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Definition
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Term
| Using anti-psychotics, ___________ % will get better. |
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Definition
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Term
| One of the side effects of antipsychotic, is the feeling that one __________________, which may be part of the cycle of non compliance. |
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Definition
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Term
| Second generation med do a little bit better with ___________ symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| People with positive symptoms have ________ prognosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are __________________ treated |
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Definition
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Term
| What is depot meds ? Why don't people want to be on them ? |
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Definition
| The meds are mixed with oils and are injected into the system. It is difficile to control the dosage, and it can give people an erection that will not go away. |
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Term
Unwanted effects of first generation typical meds :
Parkisonian symptoms such as (3) |
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Definition
muscle tremor and rigidity, dystonia (bizarre movement of the face, neck, tongue, and back)
Akathisia ( great restlessness ,agitation, and discomfort in the limbs) |
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Term
| In as many as 1% of all patient, particularly elderly ones, conventional antipsychotic drugs produce neuroleptic malignant symptom, which is : |
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Definition
| a severe, potentially fatal reaction that includes muscle rigidity, fever, altered consciousness, and improper functioning of the autonomic nervous system |
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