Term
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Definition
| a psychotic disorder consisting of unreal or disorganized thoughts and perceptions as well as verbal, cognitive, and behavioral deficits. at least 1 month of acute sympsoms of elusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, and speech, disorganized behavior, and negative symptoms and at least six months of some symptoms of disorder |
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Definition
| when you are unable to tell the difference between what is real and what is unreal |
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| percent of us population that will develop schizophrenia |
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Definition
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| Ethnic group with highest rates of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| African American, then european american, then hispanic americans. |
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| most common gender to be diagnosed with schizophrenia |
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| what happens prenatally that can cause schizophrenia |
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Definition
| exposure to a wide variety of toxins and illnesses in utero increases the risk for abnormal brain development and the development of schizophrenia. |
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Term
| schizophreniform disorder |
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Definition
| same symptoms as schizophremia lasting more than one month but less than six months |
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Term
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Definition
| symptoms of schizophrenia coinciding with symptoms of depression or mania, but at least a two-week period when only symptoms of schizophrenia are present |
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Term
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Definition
| evidence only of nonbizarre delusions of at least one months duration; functioning at relatively high level |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of delusions hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior for atleast one day but less than one month |
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Term
| shared psychotic disorder |
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Definition
| the individual in a close relationship with someone who is delusional with similar delusions (aka folie a deux) |
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Term
| substance induced psychotic disorder |
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Definition
| hallucinations or delusions caused by the direct physiological effects of a substance |
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Term
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Definition
| in schizophrenia, hallucinations, delusions, and disorganization in thought and behavior. |
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Term
| negative/type II symptoms |
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Definition
| in schizophrenia, deficits in functioning that indicate the absence of a capacity present in normal people, such as affective flattening (also called Type II symptoms). they are called negative symptoms because they involve the absence of behaviors, rather than the presence of behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| fixed beliefs that hold no basis in reality |
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Term
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Definition
| false, persistent belief that one is being pursued by other people |
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Definition
| false belief that external events, such as people's actions or natural disasters, relate somehow to oneself |
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Definition
| elevated thinking about the self, ideas of omnipotence, and the taking of credit for occurrences not personally facilitated |
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| delusion of thought insertion |
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Definition
| the belief that one's thoughts are being controlled by outside forces |
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Definition
| unreal perceptual experiences |
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Definition
| hearing voices, music, etc. |
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Definition
| visual perception of something that is not actually present |
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Term
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Definition
| involve the perception that something is happening to the outside of one's body, eg buts crawling up their arm |
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Definition
| involve the perception that something is happening inside ones body, eg worms eating one's intestines |
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Definition
| state of highly disorganized thinking (also known as loosening of associations) |
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Definition
| speech that is so disorganized that a listener cannot comprehend it |
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Term
| smooth pursuit eye movement |
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Definition
| task in which individuals are asked to keep their head still and track a moving object (sometimes referred to as eye tracking); some people with schizophrenia show deficits on this task |
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Definition
| the capacity to hold information in memory and manipulat it. people with schizophrenia have deficits in this area |
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Definition
| a group of disorganized behaviors that reflect an extreme lack of responsiveness to the outside world |
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Definition
| a person becomes wildly agitated for no apparent reason and is difficult to subdue |
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Term
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Definition
| severe reduction in, or even the complete absence of, emotional responses to the environment. aka blunted affect |
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Term
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Definition
| severe reduction, or complete absence of speech |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to persist at common, goal-oriented tasks. person has great trouble completing tasks and is disorganized and careless, apparently completely unmotivated |
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Definition
| inappropriate emotional responses |
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Definition
| a loss of interest in everything in life. a complete inability to experience emotion |
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Definition
| historical name for schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| symptoms present before people go into the acute phase of schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| symproms present after people come out of the acute phase of schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| delusions and hallucinations with themes of persecution and grandiosity |
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Term
| disorganized schizophrenia |
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Definition
| incoherence in cognition, speech, and behatior and flat or inappropriate affect |
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Term
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Definition
| nearly total unresponsiveness to the environment, as well as motor and verbal abnormalities |
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Term
| undifferentiated schizophrenia |
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Definition
| diagnosed when a person experiences schizophrenic symptoms but does not meet the criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| history of at least one episode of acute positive symptoms but currently no prominent positive symptoms |
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Term
| which social environment better facilitates rehabilitation in people with schizophrenia, developeing countries or developed countries |
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Definition
| developing countries because their are broader and closer family networks around the person. |
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Term
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Definition
| repetetive imitation of another person's movements |
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Term
| genetic theory of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| disordered genes cause schizophrenia, or at least a vulnerability to schizophrenia |
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Term
| structural brain abnormality theory of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| enlarged ventricles may indicate deterioration of a number of brain areas, leading to cognitive and emotional deficits. reduced volume and neuron density in the frontal cortex and the temporal and limbic areas cause widespread cognitive and emotional deficits. |
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Term
| birth complication theory of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| delivery complications, particularly those involvint a loss of oxygen could damage the brain and cause schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| exposure to viruses during the prenatal period might damage the brain |
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Term
| neurotransmitter theories of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| imbalances in levels of our receptors for dopamine cause symptoms: serotonin, GABA, and glutamate may also play roles |
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Term
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Definition
| a birth complication in which the baby is deprived of oxygen during delivery. as many as 30% of people with schizophrenai have a history of perinatal hypoxia |
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Term
| integrated thory of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| abnormal dopamine levels in prefrontal cortex lead to deficits in working memory, which make it difficult to attend to relevant information, leading to difficulties in reasoning, communication, and problem solving. |
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Term
| dopamine and schizophrenia |
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Definition
| original dopamine theory was that symptoms of schizophrenia were caused by excess levels of dopamine in the brain, particularly en the frontal lobe and limbic system. This theory is now believed to be too simple to fully explain schizophrenia. |
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Term
| phenotiazines and schizophrenia |
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Definition
| phenotiazines reduce the functional level in the brain, some people who take phenotiazines see an improvement in their psychotic symptoms but experience motor movement problems similar to those in parkinsons patients |
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Term
| mesolimbic pathway and schizophrenia |
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Definition
| meolimbic pathway is a part of the brain involved in cognition and emotion. it is rich with certain types of receptors for dopamine. high dopamine activity n the mesolimbic pathway may lead to positive symptoms of schizophrenia. |
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Term
| atypical antipsychotics and schizophrenia |
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Definition
| may work to reduce symptoms of schizophrenia by binding D4 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway, blocking the action of dopamine in this system |
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Term
| prefrontal cortex and schizophrenia |
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Definition
| low dopamine activity here is believed to cause negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Term
| social drift and urban birth |
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Definition
| schizophrenia impairs functioning, leading an individual to lose social status; also people born in poor urban settings are at increased risk for the perinatal diseases and injuries that may contribute to schizophrenia |
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Term
| psychodynamic theories of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| overwhelming rejection by an infant's mother causes the child to lose the ability to distinguish reality from unrelality. |
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Term
| communication patterns and schizophrenia |
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Definition
| oddities in communication by a caregiver to a child at risk for schizophrenia increase stress and impair the development of the child's abilities ot communicate with others |
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Term
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Definition
| families that are overinvolved with and hostile toward their member with schizophrenia increase stress, which leads to relapse |
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Term
| cognitive theories of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| the sympttoms of schizophrenia arise from an individual's attempts to understand and manage cognitive deficits |
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Term
| behavioral theories of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| people with schizophrenia attend to irrelevant stimuli in the environment and don't know socially acceptable responses to others |
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Term
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Definition
| used in the 1930s to treat schizophrenics by giving them a massive dose of insulin which put them into a coma. dangerous and did not work |
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Term
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Definition
| attempted to treat schizophrenia, did not work for schizophrenia, but found it did help depression |
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Term
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Definition
| a phenotiazine used to treat schizophrenia. calms agitation and reduces hallucinations and delusions work by blocking receptors for dopamine, reducing dopamines action in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| antipsychotic drugs introduced after phenotiazines used to treat schizophrenia. dont work for everyone with schizophenia. bad side effects including grogginess, dry mouth, blurred vision, drooling, sexual dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
| bad side-effect of neuroleptics characterized by slowed motor activity, monotonouse speech, and an expressionless face. |
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Term
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Definition
| side-effect of neuroleptics characterized by an agitation that causes people to pace and be unable to sit |
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Term
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Definition
| serious side-effect of neuroleptics where people experience an involuntary tick |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs more effective in treating schizophrenia than neuroleptics, without inducing the negative side effects. side effects include dizziness, nausea, sedation, seizuers, hypersalivation, weight gain, and irregular heartbeat. |
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Term
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Definition
| side effect of clozapine(atypical andipsychotic) a disease characterized by a deficiency of granulocytes which are substances produced by bone marrow to fight infections |
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Term
| behavioral, cognitive, and social interventions for schizophrenia |
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Definition
| experts argue for a comprehensive approach to schizophrenia that addresses the wide array of behavioral, cognitive, and social deficits in schizophrenia. These treatmens are given in addition to medication and increase everyday functioning and can reduce the risk of relapse |
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Term
| family therapy for schizophrenia |
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Definition
| family therapies for people with schizophrenia combine basic education on schizophrenia with the training of family members in coping with their loved one's inappropriate behaviros and with the disorder's impact on their lives. |
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Term
| assertive community treatment programs |
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Definition
| provide comprehensive services to people with schizophrenia, using the expertise of medical professionals, social workers, and psychologists to meet the variety of patients' needs 24 hours a day. |
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Term
| traditional healers and schizophrenia |
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Definition
| use the structural model, social support model, persuasive model, and clinical model |
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