Term
| What does the endosperm provide in monocots and dicots? |
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Definition
Nutrients for seedlings in monocots
Nutrients transferred to cotyledons prior to completion of seed development in dicots |
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Term
| What does the first mitotic division of the zygote yield? |
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Definition
| A basal cell (Gives rise to suspensors (the umbilical)) and a terminal cell (gives rise to embryo) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cotyledons form as bumps, embryo elongates, shoot and root apex now apparent |
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Term
| When is root-shoot axis and the pattern of radial growth established? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens as the seed matures? |
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Definition
| Dehydrates, embryo stops growing, cotyledons enlarged, seed coat protects embryo and food supply |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of dicot vs monocot seeds? |
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Definition
Dicot: fleshy cotyledons, embryonic root radicle, shoot tip with miniature leaves plumule
Monocot: single cotyledon, coeorhiza and coleoptile (sheaths which cover root), |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed from the ovary (pericarp) of the flower, supplies protetion and enhances dispersal of seed. |
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Term
| What are the types of fruit? |
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Definition
Simple fruit: Derived from single ovary (drupes, legumes, pomes, berries)
Aggregate fruit: derived from single flower with several carpels
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Term
| What kind of fruit is a pineapple? |
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Definition
| Multiple fruit, develops from an inflorescence |
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Term
| What are vectors of seed dispersal? |
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Definition
| Animals, wind, water, self dispersal |
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Term
| What is the name for fruit without seeds? What are some characteristics of it? |
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Definition
Parthenocarpic fruit
Failed fertilisation or embryo abortion
No benefit to plant
Desirable character in fruit crops
Sometimes induced by auxin |
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Term
| What is the name given to seeds that don't require fertilisation? |
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Definition
Apomictic seeds
From failed meiosis (embryo develops from 2n megaspore or 2n ovule cell walls)
genetically identical to parent |
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Term
| What ecological timing factors are involved with seed dormancy? |
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Definition
| Immature embryos, seed coat impermeable, enzymatic action or biochemical activity required, low temperature, rainfall, fire, light |
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Term
| What is epigeal and hypogeal germination? |
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Definition
Cotyledon leaves soil in epigeal germination attached to foliage leaves
Cotyledon remains in soil and shoots out coleoptile in hypogeal germination |
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Term
| Why are weeds such successful plants? |
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Definition
Fast to flower
Many seeds
Self fertilise
Long distance dispersal
Rapid germination and growth
Out compete other plants |
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