Term
|
Definition
| what the body does to the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what the drug does to the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| good effects of the drug on the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bad effects of the drug on the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of drug into the bloodstream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug transport to sites of action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical conversion of drug into metabolites that can be excreted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elimination of drug from the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medications that are deactivated in the liver before reaching systemic circulation; must be delivered parenterally to avoid GI tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the site where the drug effects occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when drug concentration reaches a high enough blood level for its effects to appear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period of time in which the medication has a pharmacological effect (before it is metabolized and excreted) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| range of therapeutic concentrations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the concentration of a drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the drug is at its lowest concentration, right before the next dose is due |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the drug is at its highest concentration (when the rate of absorption is equal to the rate of elimination) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug can modify the rate or strength of tissue or cell function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a molecular structure within or on the outer surface of a cell that binds specific substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of receptors in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of receptors in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the desired or intended effect of a particular medication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| makes patient comfortable, often in end-stage of illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maintains integrity of body functions while patient is recovering |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destroys disease-producing microorganisms or cells; eg. antibiotics for infection, anti-neoplastic druge for cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| returns the body to or maintains the body at optimal levels of health; eg. vitamin and mineral supplements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intensive treatment for critically ill |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment of chronic illnesses such as hypertension |
|
|
Term
| Supplemental/Substitutive Therapy |
|
Definition
| supplies body with a substance needed to function; eg. insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intended to prevent illness; eg. antibiotic therapy before surgery; vaccines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Unintended, often predictable, physiological effects that are usually well tolerated by patients. They occur at the usual prescribed dose and may be immediate (e.g., dizziness) or delayed (e.g., constipation). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| harmful, unintended, usually unpredicted reactions to a drug administered at the normal dosage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drugs known to cause developmental defects in pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immune system identifies a medication as a foreign substance that should be neutralized or destroyed. Reactions may be mild (itching, hives) or severe (anaphylaxis). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs immediately after administration. The allergic response produces sudden constriction of bronchioles, edema of the larynx and pharynx, severe shortness of breath, wheezing, and severe hypotension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An unexpected, abnormal, or peculiar response to a medication. May take the form of extreme sensitivity to a medication, lack of response, or a paradoxical (opposite of expected) response, such as agitation in response to a sedative. |
|
|
Term
| Cumulative Effect/Overdosing |
|
Definition
The increased response to repeated doses of a drug that occurs when the rate of administration is greater than the rate of metabolism and excretion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1+1 < 2) one drug interferes with the actions of another and decreases the resultant drug effect—that is, the combined effect is less than that of one drug given alone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1 + 1 > 2) the effect of both drugs together is greater than the individual effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1 + 1 = 2) the effect of a combination of drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when multiple drugs are mixed together, causing a chemical deterioration of one or both drugs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a decreasing response to repeated doses of a medication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a person’s physical reliance on, or need for a drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a person’s psychological reliance on, or need for a drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nonspecific, indiscriminate, or improper use of drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inappropriate intake of a substance by amount, type, or situation, continuously or periodically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also known as street drugs, are drugs sold illegally. |
|
|
