Shared Flashcard Set

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Saurischian Dinosaurs
Age of Dinosaurs
31
Geology
Undergraduate 1
11/08/2009

Additional Geology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The sister taxon to Ornithischia?
Definition
Saurischia
Term

Saurischian Diversity

 

Definition
Saurischian Diversity
The ancestral saurischian possessed a suite of synapomorphies derived with
respect to the ancestral dinosaur. See your lab handout to review these and all
synapomorphies of smaller saurischian groups. The ancestral saurischian, similar to
Herrerasaurus, gave rise to two distinct lineages, Sauropodomorpha and Theropoda.
Term
Cladogram - Saurischian
Definition

STARTS NEXT CARD

 

***Starting on bottom horiztonal (left) moving upwards (right)

Term
Archosauria
Definition
1. Diaphragm
2. Palatal teeth lost
3. Four-chambered heart
4. Enlarged brain
5. Nest building behavior
6. Parental care of young
Term
Dinosauria
Definition
7. In-turned femoral head
8. Opposable thumb
9. Perforate acetabulum
10. S-shaped neck
Term
Saurischia
Definition
11. Long cervical vertebrae
12. Long hand, with digit II the longest
13. Large claw on thumb (digit I)
Term
Blank node
Definition
no synapomorphies
Term
Theropoda
Definition
19. Kinetic, flexible jaw
20. Deep ball-in-socket joint between head and neck
21. Digit V lost from hand (4-fingered hand)
22. Phalanges of digit V of foot lost
23. Digit I of foot reduced and no longer in contact with ankle joint
24. Hollow, thin-walled, tubular bones
25. Fused clavicles (furcula)
Term
Tetanurae
Definition
26. Tooth row positioned entirely in front of orbit
27. Maxillary fenestra present
28. Digit IV lost from hand of adults (3-fingered hand)
29. Astragalus overlaps tibia
Coelurosauria
30. Semilunate carpal present
31. Long, slender hands
32. Protofeathers present
Term
Tetanurae
Definition
26. Tooth row positioned entirely in front of orbit
27. Maxillary fenestra present
28. Digit IV lost from hand of adults (3-fingered hand)
29. Astragalus overlaps tibia
Term
Coelurosauria
Definition
30. Semilunate carpal present
31. Long, slender hands
32. Protofeathers present
Term
Maniraptora
Definition
33. Distal ¾ of tail stiff
34. Forelimb at least ¾ length of presacral vertebral column
35. Ossified sternal plates
36. Front part of pubic boot absent
37. Brooding behavior
38. Long, pinnate arm feathers present
Term
Avialae (end taxon)
Definition

39. Flight
40. Forelimb longer than hindlimb
41. Asymmetrically veined wing feathers

 

***Next starts Top row that connects with bottom row parallel

Term
first top branches off of?
Definition

Dinosauria

 

...and that taxon is?

Term
Ornithischia
Definition
none
Term
Herrerasaurus
Definition
none
Term
Plateosaurus
Definition

***Connects to blank node on original taxon

***has NO synapomorphies

 

The next taxon is a node between "Plateosaurus" and the "blank node" ...?

Term
Sauropodomorpha
Definition

14. Blunt, closely packed teeth
15. Tibia shorter than femur

 

***The next card branches out sideways (right)off of "Sauropodomorpha"

Term
Sauropoda
Definition

16. Nares shifted to dorsal surface of skull
17. Presacral vertebrae greatly lightened by pleurocoels
18. Great reduction in number of phalanges of hand; only digit I retains a claw

 

***The next slide branches vertically upwaards from "Sauropoda"

Term
Diplodocus
Definition

no synapomorphies

 

***The next slide branches right from "Sauropoda"

Term
Brachiosaurus
Definition

none

 

***The next slide gets back to the top horizontal "row" and starts at which connected clade on the bottom taxon?

Term

...connects to Theropoda

 

...Dino clade is?

Definition

Ceratosauria

 

 

...What synapomorphies?

Term
none!
Definition

***

Next card:the group, after Ceratosauria, on the top "row"

Term
Spinosauridae
Definition

none

 

(connected to Theropoda)

Term

Allosauroidea

(Carnosauria)

Definition

none

 

(connected to blank clade between "Tetanurae" and "Coelurosauria")

Term
Compsognathidae
Definition

none

 

(Connected to "Coelurosauria")

Term
Ornithomimosauria
Definition

none

 

(connected to blank clade between "Coelurosauria" and "Maniraptora")

Term
Oviraptorosauria
Definition

none

 

(connected to "Maniraptora")

 

***Next is a blank clade breaking off into 2 groups horizontally even with top "row"...What are these two groups?

Term

Normal vertical line: Dromaeosauridae

Up horiztonally right: Troodontidae

Definition

no synapomorphies for either

 

***Next card is the end taxon!

Term
Avialae
Definition
39. Flight
40. Forelimb longer than hindlimb
41. Asymmetrically veined wing feathers
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