Term
| What are the boundries of the abdominal wall? |
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Definition
| xiphoid, cartilatge of ribs7-12,pelvis and inguinal ligament |
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Term
| What are the boundries of the abdominal cavity? |
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Definition
4th intercostal spave to pelvic inle
superficial abdominal wall to vertebrae and posterior abdominal muscles |
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Term
| what vertebae level is the transpyloric plane? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what vertebral level is the transumbilical plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What vertebral level is the transtubercular plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What vertebral level is the transtubercular plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is found withing the neurovascular plane? |
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Definition
| thoracoabdominal n, subcostal n, iliohypogastric n, ilioinguinal , inferior intercostal a, subcostal a, lumbar aa, and deep circumflex iliac a. |
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Term
| What is the origin of the external abdominal oblique m? |
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Definition
| Fibers of pectoralis major, serratus anterior, inferior border of ribs 5– 12, & costal insertions of the latissimus dorsi. |
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Term
| what is the insertion of the external abdominal oblique m? |
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Definition
| aponeurosis to linea alba, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, aterior 1/2 of iliac crest, ASIS |
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Term
| What is the innervation of the external intercostal M? |
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Definition
• Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11 spinal nerves)
• Subcostal nerve
• Iliohypogastric nerve
• Ilioinguinal nerve |
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Term
| What is the blood supply to the external, internal, and transverse abdominal muscles? |
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Definition
• Musculophrenic artery
• Superior epigastric artery
• Intercostal arteries 7-11
• Subcostal artery
• Lumbar arteries
• Superficial circumflex iliac artery
• Deep circumflex iliac artery
• Superficial epigastric artery
• Inferior epigastric artery
• Superficial external pudendal artery |
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Term
| What is the Origin of the internal abdominal oblique? |
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Definition
| Posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia, Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, & Lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament. |
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Term
| What is the insertion of the Internal Abdominal Oblique? |
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Definition
| Lower border of ribs 9-12, aponeurosis to linea alba, Pectin pubis |
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Term
| What is the inervation of the internal abdominal oblique m? |
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Definition
• Thoracoabdominal nerves (anterior rami T6-T12 spinal nerves and 1st lumbar nerve)
• Subcostal nerve
• Iliohypogastric nerve
• Ilioinguinal nerve |
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Term
| What is the origin of the transversus Abdominis m? |
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Definition
| internal surfaces of ribs 7-12, Thoracolumbar fascia, Anterior ¾ of iliac crest, & Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament. |
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Term
| What is the insertion of transversus abdominis m? |
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Definition
| aponeurosis to linea alba, Pubic crest, & Pectin pubis |
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Term
| What is the innervation for the transversus abdominis muscle? |
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Definition
• Thoracoabdominal nerves (anterior rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves and 1st lumbar nerve)
• Subcostal nerve
• Iliohypogastric nerve
• Ilioinguinal nerve |
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Term
| What are the actions of the externa, internal, and transversus abdominal muscles? |
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Definition
• Compresses abdomen
• Depresses ribs
• Flexes and laterally rotates trunk |
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Term
| What is the origin of the rectus abdominis m? |
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Definition
| • Pubic symphysis & Pubic crest |
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Term
| What is the insertion of the Rectus abdominis m? |
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Definition
| • Xiphoid process of the sternum & Costal cartilage 5-7 |
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Term
| What is the function of the rectus abdominis m? |
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Definition
• Compresses abdomen
• Lifts chest
• Flexes trunk |
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Term
| What is the innervation fo the rectus abdominis m? |
|
Definition
• Thoracoabdominal nerves (anterior rami T6-T12 spinal nerves)
• Subcostal nerve |
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Term
| What is the blood supply to the rectus abdomini m? |
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Definition
• Superior epigastric a & v
• Intercostal a & v
• Subcostal a &V
• Inferior epigastric a & V
lumbar v |
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Term
| What is the origin of the pyramidalis m? |
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Definition
| • Pubis & Anterior pubic ligament |
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Term
| what is the insertion of the pyramidalis |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the pyramidalis innervated by? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the blood supply to the pyramidalis? |
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Definition
• Subcostal artery
• Inferior epigastric artery |
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Term
| What is the lateral border of the rectus abdominis m called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the lines through the rectus abdominis called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the deepest layer of the rectus sheath comprised of? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the names for the transition in the posterior rectus sheath? |
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Definition
| arcuate line, semicircualar line of douglas, linea semicircularis |
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Term
| Thoracoabdominal intercostal nerves |
|
Definition
• Continuation of lower (7-11) intercostal nerves distal to costal margin
• Runs in neurovascular plane
• Branches enter subcutaneous tissue as lateral cutaneous branches of T10-T11
• Innervate muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall and overlying skin |
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Term
|
Definition
• Anterior ramus of T12
• Enters subumbilical abdominal wall in neurovascular plane
• Innervates muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall, overlying skin between umbilicus & iliac crest. |
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Term
| Lateral cutaneous branches |
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Definition
• 7-9th intercostal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T9)
• Anterior divisions continue across costal margin in subcutaneous tissue
• Innervates skin of right and left hypochondriac regions |
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Term
|
Definition
Iliohypogastric nerve
• Is superior terminal branch of the anterior ramus of L1
• Pierces transversus abdominis to run in neurovascular compartment
• Branches pierce external oblique aponeurosis of most inferior abdominal wall
• Innervates skin overlying iliac crest, upper inguinal, and hypogastric regions, internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
• Is inferior terminal branch of anterior ramus of L1 when joins with subcostal n
• In neuromuscular plane then traverses the inguinal canal.
• Innervates skin of lower inguinal region, mons pubis, anterior scrotum or labium majora and adjacent medial thigh, inferiomost internal oblique and transversus abdominis |
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Term
| superfical lympahtic dranage from superior to the transumbilical line goes to where? |
|
Definition
lateral-axillary ln
medial-parasternal ln |
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Term
| superficial lymphatic dranage below the transumbilical line fore to where? |
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Definition
| superficial inguinal lymph nodes |
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Term
| where does superficial blood drain into in the abdomen? |
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Definition
medialy-internal throacic v
laterally-lateral thoracic v
inferiorly-superficial and inferior epigastric v |
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Term
| What are the layers of the abdominal wall? |
|
Definition
• Skin
• Camper’s fascia (Sup Sub Q)
• Scarpa’s fascia (Deep Sub Q)
• Investing fascia
• External oblique
• Internal oblique
• Transversus abdominis
• Transversalis fascia
• Preperitoneal fat
• Peritoneum |
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Term
| Superficial external pudendal A |
|
Definition
• From femoral artery
• Runs ~2 cm below the inguinal ligament
• Crosses the spermatic cord (round ligament in females)
• Supplies the suprapubic region and proximal parts of the external genitalia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• From femoral artery
• Runs in subcutaneous tissue toward umbilicus
• Supplies the superficial abdominal wall of pubic and inferior umbilical regions |
|
|
Term
| Superficial circumflex iliac A |
|
Definition
• From femoral artery
• Runs in subcutaneous tissue along inguinal ligament
• Supplies superficial abdominal wall of inguinal region and adjacent anterior thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• From external iliac artery
• Runs parallel to inguinal ligament
• Supplies iliacus muscle and deep abdominal wall of inguinal region and iliac fossa |
|
|
Term
| Posterior intercostals & Subcostal AA |
|
Definition
• 10th and 11th :PI 12th -Sub
• From aorta
• Enters neurovascular plane
• Supplies superficial and deep abdominal wall of lateral (flank) region |
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Term
|
Definition
• From external iliac artery
• Runs superiorly and enters rectus sheath below arcuate line
• Supplies rectus abdominis, deep abdominal wall of pubic and inferior umbilical regions
• Anastomoses with superior epigastric artery |
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Term
|
Definition
• Continuation of internal thoracic artery
• Enters rectus sheath deep to rectus abdominis
• Supplies rectus abdominis, superficial and deep abdominal wall of epigastric and upper umbilical regions.
• Anastomoses with inferior epigastric artery. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
• Lateral branch of internal thoracic artery around diaphram
• Runs along costal margins
• Supplies superficial and deep abdominal wall (obliques) of hypochondriac region and anterolateral diaphragm |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deffective anterior wall where gut protrude
usually to the right of umbilicus
no overlaying paretoneal sac |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| defect in abdominal wall @ umbilical ring where bowel and peritoneum protrude. likeley to have other congenitalabnomalities |
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Term
|
Definition
defect in parietal wall facoa; or mucles with abdominal contents protrude.
can be due to deterioration of failed healing of insicion. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 types of hernias? |
|
Definition
incarcerated-can not be reduced
strangulated-where blood supply is compromised |
|
|
Term
| What is a spigelian hernia? |
|
Definition
| hernia at the linea semilunaris belowthe arcuate line. made harder to see by external olique fascia covering it |
|
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Term
| what type of innercvation does parietal peritoneum have? |
|
Definition
somatic afferent (pain, pressure, heat, lacerations)
-phrenic does central daigphramatic
-intercostal & subcostal of abdominal cavity
-obturator-peliv portion |
|
|
Term
| how does the visceral peritoneum get its innervation? |
|
Definition
| only streach carried by thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| plane of connective tissue where nerves and vessels of the messentary lie |
|
|
Term
| what are the peritoneal folds and fossae in order med to lat? |
|
Definition
| median umbilical fold, supravesical fossae, medial umbilical fold, medial inguinal fossae (inguinal triangles), lateral umbilical fold, lateral inguinal fossae |
|
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Term
| what are the three umbilical folds and what do they carry? |
|
Definition
median umbilical fold- medial umbilical ligament (remant of urachus)
medial umbilical fold- media umbiligal ligament (remnat of umbilical arteries)
Lateral Umbilical fold-inferior epigastic A&V |
|
|
Term
| the supravesical fossae is between what two folds and is a reflection of peritoneum on what organ? |
|
Definition
median and medial umbilical folds.
IT reflects on bladder |
|
|
Term
| includes the deep inguinal ring |
|
Definition
| The lateral inguinal fossae |
|
|
Term
| what are teh 4 stuctures of peritoneum |
|
Definition
omenta
medenteries
ligaments
fossea |
|
|
Term
| what are teh 4 stuctures of peritoneum |
|
Definition
omenta
medenteries
ligaments
fossea |
|
|
Term
| what is contained in the lesser omentum? |
|
Definition
| portal triad, branches of anterior vegus N, LNs, r & L gastic arteries |
|
|
Term
| what is the names for the space behind the stomach? |
|
Definition
| the lesser sac or omental bursa |
|
|
Term
| what is the opening to the lesser sac called |
|
Definition
| epiploic foramen of winslow or omental foramen |
|
|
Term
| what seporates the supracolic and infracolic compartments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the spaces between the colon and the abdominal wall called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the degrees of rotation and direction of the intestines? |
|
Definition
270 counterclockwise in teh 10-12th week
The cranial limb comes back first |
|
|
Term
| what is the cloaca and how is it formed? |
|
Definition
| terminal part of hind gut thet is eventually seporated by urorecta; septum. this makes the dorsal and irogenital sinus |
|
|
Term
| What is meckel's diverticulum? |
|
Definition
a failure to obliterate the vitelline (omphalmomesenteric) duct. THis causes outpouch 100cm from iliocecal junction.
can be symptomatic, cause bleeding in children, or intestinal obstruction |
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