Term
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Definition
| This is the most common organizational structure where organizations are divided into functions |
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Term
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Definition
| sends and receives payments |
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Term
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Definition
| receives and ships materials |
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Term
| cross functional processes |
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Definition
| no single group or function is responsible for their execution. It is a shared responsibility among many functional areas |
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Term
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Definition
| workers complete their tasks in their functional areas without regard to the consequences for the other components in the process |
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Term
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Definition
| Systems that support end-to-end processes |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of tasks or activities that produce desired outcomes |
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Term
| Procurement process (buy) |
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Definition
| all activities involved in buying or acquiring the materials used by the organization. Concerned with obtaining materials externally |
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Term
| production process (make) |
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Definition
| actual creation of the products within the organization. Concerned with acquiring needed materials internally |
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Term
| fulfillment process (sell) |
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Definition
| all the steps involved in selling and delivering the products |
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Term
| Lifecycle data management process (design) |
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Definition
| supports the design and development from the initial product idea stage through the discontinuation of the product |
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Term
| Material planning process (plan) |
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Definition
| uses historical data and sales forecasts to plan which materials will be procured and produced at what quantities |
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Term
| inventory and warehouse management (IWM) (store) |
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Definition
| this is used to store and track the materials |
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Term
| asset management and customer service processes (service) |
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Definition
| used to maintain internal assets such as machinery and to deliver after-sales customer service such as repairs |
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Term
| Human capital management processes (HCM) (people) |
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Definition
| focus on the people within the organization and include functions such as recruiting, hiring, training, and benefits management |
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Term
| project management processes (projects) |
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Definition
| used to plan and execute large projects such as construction of a new factory, or production of complex products such as airplanes |
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Term
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Definition
| acquiring needed materials externally |
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Term
| Procurement process begins when: |
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Definition
| the warehouse recognizes the need to procure materials, perhaps due to low levels of inventory |
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Term
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Definition
| acquiring needed materials internally |
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Term
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Definition
| efficiently processing customer orders |
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Term
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Definition
| products, components, parts etc., that a company uses |
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Term
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Definition
| these are sold directly to customers |
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Term
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Definition
| these are used to make finished goods |
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Term
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Definition
| these are used to make the semifinished goods |
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Term
| Purpose of material planning |
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Definition
| to match the supply of materials with the demand |
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Term
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Definition
| the time between placing the order and receiving the shipment |
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Term
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Definition
| when there is insufficient supply in which the company cannot meet its customers' demands |
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Term
| Inventory and warehouse management (IWM) |
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Definition
| this is concerned with the storage and movement of materials |
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Term
| lifecycle data management |
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Definition
| this provides a set of tools to manage product design and improvement throughout the lifecyle of the product |
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Term
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Definition
| this is concerned with both the preventive and corrective maintenance of an organization's equipment |
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Term
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Definition
| this is performed periodically (routine maintenance of a machine in a factory) |
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Term
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Definition
| this is a type of maintenance that is done as needed (repairing a machine when it breaks down) |
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Term
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Definition
| managing people in an organization (recruitment, hiring, training, compensation and benefits management) |
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Term
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Definition
| is temporary in nature and is typically associated with large, complex activities |
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Term
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Definition
| this is an accounting process that occurs at the end of the project to assign costs and revenues to the appropriate parties |
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Term
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Definition
| this is concerned with tracking the financial impacts of processes and is externally focused |
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Term
| Common Financial accounting reports |
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Definition
| income statement, profit and loss statement, and balance sheet |
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Term
| Four key process based in financial accounting: |
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Definition
| general ledger, accounts receivable, accounts payable and asset accounting |
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Term
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Definition
| this process records the impacts of various process steps on a company's financial position |
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Term
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Definition
| this is associated with the procurement process and is used to track money that is owed to vendors |
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Term
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Definition
| this is used to track money owed by customers |
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Term
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Definition
| this is concerned with tracking financial data related to assets such as machinery and cars |
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Term
| management accounting or controlling |
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Definition
| tracks costs associated with materials costs, labor costs and overhead costs |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the technical structure of the software, the ways that users interact with the software and the ways the software is physically managed on computer hardware |
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Term
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Definition
| how you interact with the application |
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Term
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Definition
| what the application allows you to do |
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Term
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Definition
| where the application stores your work |
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Term
| three-tier client-server architecture |
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Definition
| separates the layers into three separate systems |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of the hardware and software to support a greater number of users easily over time |
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Term
| service-oriented architecture (SOA) |
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Definition
| new technologies that help link or integrate client-server systems together |
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Term
| Enterprise resource planning (ERP) |
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Definition
| largest and most complex ES. Focuses on intra-company processes and integrate function and cross-functional business processes |
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Term
| supply chain management (SCM) |
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Definition
| connects a company to other companies that supply the materials |
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Term
| supplier relationship management (SRM) |
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Definition
| manage the overall relationships with the materials and suppliers |
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Term
| customer relationship management (CRM) |
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Definition
| systems that connect a company's ERP system to those of its customers |
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Term
| Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) |
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Definition
| help companies administer the processes of research, design, and product management |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of inter-company systems |
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Term
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Definition
| these serve as a "enterprise operating system" for a company's ES landscape by allowing all the various systems to communicate seamlessly with one another as well as with systems outside the company |
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Term
| The three types of data in an ERP system |
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Definition
| organizational data, master data, and transaction data |
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Term
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Definition
| used to represent the structure of an enterprise |
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Term
| Three organizational data elements: |
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Definition
| client, company code, and plant |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the highest organizational level in SAP ERP |
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Term
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Definition
| Each company within the enterprise is represented by one of these |
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Term
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Definition
| an organizational element that performs multiple functions and is relevant to several processes |
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Term
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Definition
| represents entities associated with various processes |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the most commonly used master data |
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Term
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Definition
| materials are categorized into different ______ based on the way they are used in the firm's operations |
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Term
| the four most common material types |
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Definition
| raw materials, semifinished goods, finished goods, and trading goods |
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Term
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Definition
| these are purchased from an external source and used in the production process |
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Term
| semifinished goods (HALB) |
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Definition
| produced in-house from other materials and used in the production of finished goods |
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Term
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Definition
| created by the production process from other materials, such as raw materials and semifinished goods |
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Term
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Definition
| like raw materials, these are purchased from a vendor. Unlike raw materials these are resold to customers |
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Term
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Definition
| these include materials with similar characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects the consequences of executing process steps or transactions |
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Term
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Definition
| these documents include purchase orders, packing lists, and invoices |
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Term
| financial accounting documents (FI) |
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Definition
| these documents record data generated after the process steps have been completed |
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Term
| management accounting/controlling documents (CO) and material documents |
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Definition
| These are "virtual" documents that reside in the enterprise system and are printed only occasionally as needed |
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Term
| Documents consist of these two sections: |
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Definition
| a header section and detail or line item section |
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Term
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Definition
| complex data repositories that store historical data |
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Term
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Definition
| a general term used to describe the ways that users can view and analyze both transaction and historical data |
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Term
| online transaction processing (OLTP) |
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Definition
| designed to capture and store detailed transaction data and to execute process steps quickly and efficiently |
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Term
| online analytic processing (OLAP) |
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Definition
| use information structures to provide analytic capabilities |
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Term
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Definition
| capture and store specified transaction data in an aggregated and summarized form that enables users to analyze the data as needed |
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Term
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Definition
| the objects for which data are collected |
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Term
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Definition
| performance measures such as quantities and counts that are associated with the characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| data are collected or aggregated for specified time periods |
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Term
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Definition
| these identify tasks that are scheduled to be completed in a process |
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Term
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Definition
| this identifies all customer orders that must be prepared for delivery so that they can be shipped in a timely manner |
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Term
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Definition
| display lists of master data and documents that are generated during the execution of a process |
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Term
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Definition
| determine which documents will be included in the list |
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Term
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Definition
| define which data will be included for the selected documents |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ABAP list viewer grid control |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| allows the user to select a line on the report and drill down for more details |
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Term
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Definition
| used to limit the list to only those items that meet specified values |
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Term
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Definition
| lists can be arranged in ascending or descending order in a selected column |
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Term
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Definition
| enable users to calculate totals |
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Term
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Definition
| allows users to calculate subtotals for a selected column |
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Term
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Definition
| logistics information system (LIS), financial IS (FIS), and human resources IS (HRIS) |
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Term
| standard information structure |
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Definition
| predefined in the SAP ERP system that collects the data needed to generate the most commonly used reports |
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Term
| user-defined information structures |
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Definition
| users define their own structures to meet specific reporting requirements |
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Term
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Definition
| provides predefined analytics for data in standard information structures |
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Term
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Definition
| allows users to define the content and format of the analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| the overall capabilities a company uses to collect and analyze data from a variety of sources to better understand its operations |
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Term
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Definition
| is concerned with recording the financial impacts of business processes as they are executed |
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Term
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Definition
| provides the information the organization needs to effectively manage the various processes |
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Term
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Definition
| used to record the financial impacts of business process steps |
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Term
| accounts receivables accounting |
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Definition
| associated with the fulfillment process and is used to manage money owed by customers for goods and services sold |
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Term
| accounts payable accounting |
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Definition
| associated with the procurement process. companies use this to record and manage money owed to vendors for purchases |
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Term
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Definition
| used to record data related to the purchase, use and disposal of assets |
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Term
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Definition
| concerned with recording data associated with bank transactions |
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Term
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Definition
| a snapshot of the organization at a point in time. It identifies assets, liabilities and equity |
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Term
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Definition
| indicates the changes in a company's financial position over a period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| displays all cash receipts and payments over a specified period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| internal divisions of an enterprise that are used to define areas of responsibility or to meet the external reporting requirements of an enterprise segment |
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Term
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Definition
| a division of an enterprise for which management monitors performance |
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Term
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Definition
| a list of accounts that can be included in a general ledger |
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Term
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Definition
| operative, country-specific and group |
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Term
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Definition
| contains operational accounts that are used to record the financial impact of an organization's day-to-day transactions |
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Term
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Definition
| contains group accounts that multiple companies with an enterprise use to consolidate their financial reporting |
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Term
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Definition
| what the company owns (cash, inventory or materials, land, buildings and money owed to the company) |
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Term
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Definition
| what the company owes to others, including money owed to vendors (payables) and loans from banks |
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Term
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Definition
| this refers to owner's share of the company's assets |
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Term
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Definition
| the monies the company earns by selling its products and services |
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Term
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Definition
| the costs associated with creating and selling those products and services |
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Term
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Definition
| this groups together accounts with similar characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| an account group that contains all bank and cash accounts |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary accounts that hold data until these data are moved to another account |
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Term
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Definition
| general ledger accounts that consolidate data from a group of related subledger accounts |
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Term
| Reconciliation account for customers is: |
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Definition
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Term
| reconciliation account for vendors is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Financial accounting document (FI) |
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Definition
| this document records the impact of a transaction step on financial accounting |
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Term
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Definition
| a two-character code that identifies the specific business process step that generated the document |
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Term
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Definition
| a two-digit code that determines how a line item is posted |
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Term
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Definition
| implementation of multiple ledgers in parallel, using each ledger for different purposes |
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Term
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Definition
| a location where costs are incurred |
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Term
| Debits are displayed on what side of the T account |
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Definition
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Term
| Credits are displayed on what side of the T account |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one account containing multiple sources or vendors a company purchases from |
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Term
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Definition
| these assets have a physical form |
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Term
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Definition
| these assets do not have a physical form |
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Term
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Definition
| these assets include securities, long-term notes and mortgages |
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Term
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Definition
| a grouping of assets that possess similar characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| the decrease in value of an asset |
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Term
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Definition
| this refers to the planned, periodic, and recurring decrease in the value of an asset due to normal usage |
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Term
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Definition
| this decrease in value occurs when extraordinary circumstances cause the asset to lose value faster than normal |
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Term
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Definition
| this specifies how long the company anticipates using the asset |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the amount the company expects to receive when it disposes of the asset |
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Term
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Definition
| the value of the asset after it is depreciated |
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Term
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Definition
| These calculations vary across countries. In the US the common areas are book depreciation, cost accounting depreciation and tax or legal depreciation |
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Term
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Definition
| this is used to prepare financial statements for shareholders and meet regulatory requirements |
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Term
| Cost accounting depreciation |
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Definition
| this is used to allocate the cost of using the asset to a cost center |
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Term
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Definition
| this is used to file federal and state income tax returns |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the disposal of an asset if it does not generate revenue |
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Term
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Definition
| this provides an overview of all the activities related to the asset, including acquisition data, planned and posted depreciation for different depreciation areas and comparisons of data across multiple years |
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Term
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Definition
| depreciation amounts that have not yet been posted to the general ledger accounts |
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Term
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Definition
| depreciation amounts that have been posted to the general ledger accounts |
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Term
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Definition
| This posts the planned values for the specified time period for all depreciation areas to the appropriate general ledger accounts |
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Term
| financial statement version |
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Definition
| a hierarchical grouping of general ledger accounts that must be included in the financial statements |
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