Term
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Definition
| Does the sample represent the population? |
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Term
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Definition
| All members of an identified group under study. |
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Term
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Definition
| A deliberately selected subgroup of the population that is representative of the population. |
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Term
Biased Sample
or
Unrepresentative Sample |
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Definition
| In a biased sample some members of the population have a higher probability of being included in the sample compared to others in the population. |
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Term
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Definition
| All members of a population of interest have an equal chance of being included in the sample. |
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Term
| What are 2 causes of Sample Bias? |
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Definition
| Convenience Sampling and Self-Selection |
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Term
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Definition
| Using a sample of people who are readily available. People who are easy or able to contact. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a sample is known to contain only people who volunteer to participate. |
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Term
Probability Sampling
or
Random Sampling |
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Definition
Every member of the population of interest has an equal chance of being selected for the sample regardless of wether they are close by, easy to contact, or motivated to respond.
These samples have excellent external validity. |
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Term
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Definition
The most basic form of probability sampling.
Computerized randomizers. |
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Term
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Definition
Clusters of participants within a population of interest are randomly selected, and then all individuals in each selected cluster are used.
Multistage sampling. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 random samples are selected; a random sample of clusters, then a random sample of people from those clusters. |
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Term
| Stratified Random Sampling |
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Definition
The researcher selects particular demographic categories on purpose and then randomly selects individuals within each of the categories.
Multistage Sampling Technique |
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Term
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Definition
The researcher intentionally overrepresents one or more groups.
A variation of Stratified Random Sampling. |
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Term
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Definition
| The researcher selects 2 random numbers. Starting with the first number and picking the participants on a list for every 2nd selected number until the desired sample size was reached. |
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Term
| Random sampling enhances...... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Used only in experimental designs.
Randomly assigning study participants into either the control or experimental group. |
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Term
| Random assignment enhances...... |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 Biased Sampling Techniques.... |
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Definition
Convenience Sampling
Purposive Sampling
Snowball Sampling
Quota Sampling
Self-Selected Sampling |
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Term
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Definition
Uses samples merely on the basis of being easy to access.
The most common sampling technique in behavioral research. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recruiting only those particular participants researchers want to study in a non-random way. |
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Term
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Definition
When participants are asked to recommend a few acquaintances for a study.
A variation of Purposive Sampling. |
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Term
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Definition
Set a target number for a sample based on sub-categories. EX- 80 Asians, 80 African Americans, and 80 Latinos. The participants are selected non-randomly.
Similar to stratified random sampling. |
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Term
| When is a representative sample not the top priority? |
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Definition
External validity may not be a priority when researchers study association or causal claims.
External Validity is very important to frequency claims. |
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Term
| True or False: Larger samples are more representative. |
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Definition
| False, when it comes to external validity its quality over quantity. |
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Term
| True or False: A sample size of 1,000 (randomly selected) is considered to be an optimal balance or accuracy and effort. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sample size is considered a _______________ , not an external validity issue. |
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Definition
| Statistical Validity Issue |
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