Term
| What are two major characteristics differentiating HAV and HBV? |
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Definition
HAV is a naked RNA virus
HBV is an enveloped DNA virus. |
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Term
| Which type is virus is cytolytic, enveloped or naked? |
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Definition
Naked viruses lyse the cells to release the mature virus.
Enveloped viruses usually bud out of the cell without killing it, but few can lyse the cell. |
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Term
| What determines the host and tissue specificty for hepatitis viruses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which viruses are spread parenterally/sexually, naked or enveloped? |
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Definition
Enveloped viruses are spread parentally and sexually.
Naked viruses are all fecal-oral. |
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Term
| Why is alcohol only effective against enveloped viruses? |
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Definition
Alcohol will dissolve the envelope of enveloped viruses which releases the host/tissue specificity glycoproteins.
Naked viruses are uneffected by alcohol and need to be disinfected with dilute hypochlorite. |
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Term
| What is the primary immune response against naked viruses? |
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Definition
| Antibody. It will also trigger interferon production. |
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Term
| What is the primary immune response against enveloped viruses? |
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Definition
Antibody AND Cell-mediated immunity.
Like naked viruses, it will also trigger interferon production. |
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Term
| In relation to acute vs. chronic hepatits B, when would you see the chronic form most often? |
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Definition
| Chronic Hepatitis B is usually seen in neonates since they don't have a fully developed immune system. |
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Term
| What can be translated faster, positive sense RNA or negative sense RNA? |
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Definition
Positive sense is faster. It is the same thing is mRNA so can be directly translated.
Negative sense RNA requires an RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase to make a postive strand RNA. |
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Term
| What type does genome does HBV have? |
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Definition
Partial dsDNA aka gapped DNA.
The copying of DNA to RNA takes place in the capsid where there are limited supplies which makes it a partially dsDNA virus. Once the DNA and polymerases are released into the next cell, it continues to make the genome. |
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Term
| Your patient comes in with a fever, rash and arthritis. Tests reveal that the patient has acute hepatitis B. What is your concern about the spread of this virus? |
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Definition
| Acute hepatitis B is infectious before the symptoms appear. |
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Term
| Which hepatitis strain is known as "Infectious"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which hepatitis strain is known as Delta? |
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Definition
Hepatitis D
Remember this is the weird Enveloped Circular RNA virus. |
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Term
| Which hepatitis strain requires a co-infection with HBV? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hepatitis A and E are known to be naked viruses (RNA), so what would be their mode of transmission? |
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Definition
Fecal-oral
Naked viruses are very resilliant to the environment. Recall that alcohol will not kill them. |
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Term
| Can Hepatitis A and E lead to a chronic or carrier state? |
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Definition
| No because they lyse their cells when they leave. |
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Term
| What is the specific antigen that triggers CMI? |
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Definition
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