Term
| Parkinsons is a lack of what neurotransmitter? it is a disease of what area of the brain? |
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Definition
DOPAMINE in the BASAL GANGLIA (substantia nigra)
**pigmented neurons of the substantia nigra projecting to the caudate/putamen die |
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Term
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Definition
-bradykinesia
-hypokinesia
-tremor
-muscle rigidity
-freezing
**depression is common |
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Term
| ETIOLOGIES of Parkinson's |
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Definition
not completely known:
-genetic components
-viral infections
-prions
-toxins
-oxygen free radicals--> formed when dopamine is metabolized to DOPAC and H2O2 |
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Term
| what drugs may precipitate PARKINSONS DISEASE (iatrogenic causes) |
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Definition
-neuroleptics
-Reserpine--> depletes monoamine stores
-MPTP Methyl Phenyl TetrahydroPyridine |
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Term
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Definition
-dopamine precursor (L Dopa) decarboxylase inhibitor (Carbidopa)
-given in combination to prevent peripheral conversion of L Dopa to DOPAMINE
-can cause postural hypotension and affect sleep
***can also be given in SUSTAINED RELEASE PREPARATIONS to allow for constant plasma levels |
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Term
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Definition
-D2 receptor agonist
-ergot derivative
-used in combination with L Dopa therapy
-smooths out fluctuation in L Dopa response
-can cause valvular heart disease and pulmonary fibrosis |
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Term
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Definition
-D3 receptor agonist
-non ergot derivative
-used in combination with L Dopa therapy
-smooths out fluctuation in L Dopa response |
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Term
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Definition
-dopamine receptor agonist
-long acting |
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Term
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Definition
-muscarinic receptor antagonist in basal ganglia
-used to treat TREMORS associated with Parkinson's |
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Term
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Definition
-muscarinic receptor antagonist in basal ganglia
-used to treat TREMORS associated with parkinsons |
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Term
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Definition
-muscarinic receptor antagonist in basal ganglia
-used to treat TREMORS associated with parkinsons |
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Term
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Definition
-MAO B inhibitor
-used in combination with L Dopa therapy
-slows breakdown of DOPAMINE |
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Term
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Definition
-antiviral found to have anti-Parkinson's effects
-found to be a glutamate receptor antagonist |
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Term
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Definition
-COMT blocker in periphery and CNS--> stops conversion of L DOPA to 3-O methyl dopa
-increases levels of L Dopa in CNS--> higher levels of Dopamine available |
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Term
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Definition
-selective COMT blocker in PERIPHERY--> stops conversion of L DOPA to 3-O methyl dopa
-increases levels of L Dopa in CNS--> higher levels of Dopamine available |
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Term
| what is Pyridoxal phosphate? |
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Definition
| co-factor for the decarboxylase enzyme which breaks down L Dopa to dopamine--> should not be taken while on L Dopa therapy |
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