Shared Flashcard Set

Details

S3.M3.Path4
Head and Neck Pathology
27
Pathology
Professional
07/31/2010

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Cards

Term
children with what disease are likely to develop NASAL POLYPS?
Definition
Cystic Fibrosis
Term
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Definition
-found in teenage boys
-well circumscribed, highly vascular tumor grows into nasophaynx
-no biopsy, just excise
-benign, but can grow into the bone
Term
Schneiderian Papillomas
Definition
-papillomas with GOBLET CELLS, FIBROUS CENTER, and NEUTROPHILS in the epithelium
-squamous/respiratory epithelium
-EXOPHYTIC-->outward growth-->no cancer risk
-INVERTED--> inward growth--> risk of cancer
Term
PLASMACYTOMA
Definition
-numerous plasma cells
-80% of PLASMACYTOMAS are in head and neck
-sheets of plasma cells covered by submucosa
-mostly in males
Term
Olfactory Neuroblastoma (ONB)
Definition
-malignant cribriform plate tumors
-HOMER WRIGHT ROSETTES -->angel hair in lumen
-salt and pepper nuclei
Term
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Definition
-MALIGNANT tumors typed based on KERATINIZATION
-type I-->no keratin--> no EBV involvement
-type III--> keratin--> EBV involvement
-lymphocytes in tumor have been recruited, they are NOT MALIGNANT
-usually found as metastasized cervical tumors, not primary tumor
Term
what causes CHRONIC LARYNGITIS?
Definition
smoking
Term
what are NODULES?
Definition
small reactive polypoid lesions on the true vocal cords--> NEVER GIVE RISE TO CANCER
Term
what are PAPILLOMAS?
Definition
-neoplasms that may be related to HPV
-can see KOILOCYTOSIS--> effect of HPV is perception of "hollow" cytoplasm in epithelial cells
Term
what are the biggest causes of CARCINOMAS found in the OROPHARYNX?
Definition
smoking
drinking
HPV (>50%)
Term
most common location of a VOCAL CORD carcinoma?
Definition
glottis-->due to smoking, alcohol and HPV
Term
in vocal cord carcinomas, what is the sign that the tumor has broken the basement membrane?
Definition
keratin pearls in the submucosa--> also look for intracellular bridges (desmosomes) which tells you it is squamous cell carcinoma
Term
causes of OTTITS?
Definition
-fungus--> swimmers ear
-acute MEDIA due to viral of bacterial infection
-chronic MEDIA due to staph, pseudamonas originiosa, fungus
Term
what is CHOLESTEATOMA?
Definition
-NOT a neoplasm
-congenital form-->INTACT tympanic membrane
-acquired form-->PERFORATED tympanic membrane

3 HISTOLOGICAL ELEMENTS: keratin, stratified squamous epithelium, fibrous/granulation tissue

not a tumor, but can invade bone-> must be removed
Term
Thyroglossal duct cysts
Definition
CYSTIC DILATION that occurs above the thyroid isthmus but below the level of the hyoid bone--> surgically removed along with the center of the HYOID BONE
Term
HERPETIC STOMATITIS
Definition
caused by HSV1--> "cold sores" flare up during stressful times or during immuno-compromised periods
HERPES cells are multinucleated with GROUND GLASS appearance
Term
APTHOUS ULCERS
Definition
Canker sore
Term
SCARLET FEVER and TONSILLITIS are both caused by what? what can these types of infections lead to?
Definition
beta hemolytic STREPTOCOCCI --> can lead to RHEUMATIC FEVER and GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Term
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)
Definition
"CURDY" white membrane which can be scraped off
-candida is part of normal flora--> only causes disease in diabetics and immunocompromised
-pseudohyphae and spores seen
Term
**ORAL HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA**
Definition
white patches of "hair" on the lateral tongue that DO NOT rub off
-caused by EBV, but only found in AIDS patients
-cause ACANTHOSIS = thickening of the mucosa
Term
what are examples of PRE-CANCEROUS LESIONS in the oral mucosa? what must be done with these?
Definition
Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia
*must be biopsied* to tell if cancerous or not
levels of DYSPLASIA until complete SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA IN SITU is reached
Term
Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Definition
-most often seen on floor of the mouth
-Leukoplakia--> ulcerations with elevated rolled borders
-invade locally and metastasize to lymph nodes
-poor prognosis
-more and more often involves HPV
Term
two tumors primarily found in PAROTID GLAND
Definition
Pleomorphic Adenoma and Warthin Tumors
***both are benign--> small gland tumors are malignant
Term
what are the most common tumors of the MINOR GLANDS? describe
Definition
ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA-->malignant

CLINICAL--> patient comes with a rapid growing tumor, intense pain

HISTOLOGICALLY--> painful perineural invasion, cribriform growth, "swiss cheese" appearance
Term
what are the most common tumors of the MINOR GLANDS? describe
Definition
ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA-->malignant

CLINICAL--> patient comes with a rapid growing tumor, intense pain

HISTOLOGICALLY--> painful perineural invasion, cribriform growth, "swiss cheese" appearance
Term
Warthin tumor
Definition
DOUBLE LAYER OF EPITHELIAL CELLS
-oncocytes (excessive mitochondria)
-FISH FLESH gross appearance
Term
MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA
Definition
**MOST COMMON MALIGNANT SALIVARY GLAND TUMOR**-->same for pediatrics
-combo of MUCOUS secreting (mucocytes) and EPIDERMOID cells
-abundant EOSINOPHILS
-radiation induce commonly
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