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LEUCOVORIN--> (folinic acid) to rescue host cells while cancer cells are less affected
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• MESNA--> (2 mercaptoethane sulphonate) conjugates toxic metabolites such as acrolein in the urine and helps to reduce the chemical cystitis.
• DEMECLOCYCLINE--> blocks the effects of ADH
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AMIFOSTINE--> generates active thiol metabolites, which scavenge free radicals
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antidotes:
DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE--> swabbed onto free radical induced ulcers to stop production
DEXRAZOXANE-->an iron chelator , reduces the cardiomyopathy damage induced by doxorubicin
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| antimetabolite ;DOC for AML; MOA :-blocks DNA strand elongation;neurotoxic |
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| Oral prodrug, converted to 5-fluorouracil. It inhibits thymidylate synthase. Useful for paclitaxel and doxorubicin - resistant patients with colorectal or metastatic breast cancers |
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| alkylating agent - toxic to the CNS-used for CNS cancers |
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| Stabilizes the topoisomerase II-DNA complex causing double strand DNA breaks during DNA replication. Dose limiting leukopenia. Treats first time, and metastatic testicular cancer |
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| UniqueTopoisomerase 1 inhibitor, preventing religation of bits of helices; causes accumulation of single stranded breaks in DNA. Dose -limiting neutropenia |
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| Nonsteroidal androgen antagonist (NSAA )which inhibits the translocation of steroid receptors to the nucleus . 5-alpha reductase inhibitor-inhibits synthesis of dihydrotestosterone .Both used to treat prostate cancer |
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| Nonsteroidal androgen antagonist (NSAA )which inhibits the translocation of steroid receptors to the nucleus . 5-alpha reductase inhibitor-inhibits synthesis of dihydrotestosterone .Both used to treat prostate cancer |
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| GnRH analogues which acts as a partial agonists at GnRH receptors. When administered in constant doses to maintain stable blood levels, it inhibit the release of LH and FSH. Used in the treatment of prostate cancer |
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| This is an unconjugated chimeric(murine/human)antiCD20 monoclonal antibody which binds to the CD20 antigen on follicular B cells in Non Hodgkins lymphoma |
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| Antiestrogen for hormone-sensitive tumors |
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| Inhibits bcr-abl tyrosine kinase found in chronic myelocytic leukemia(CML) |
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| Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase ; stops conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides.;for myeloproliferative disorders |
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| what are the two major categories of anticancer drugs? |
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CYTOTOXIC DRUGS- effect both cancer and normal cells-->especially dividing cells
NEWER DRUGS-target entities in the cancer cells which are absent or different in normal cells |
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| how is RESISTANCE developed in cancer cells vs. drugs that first need to be activated before affects are seen? |
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| resistance is achieved when cancer cell can limit/stop ACTIVATING ENZYME |
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| what is DOSE LIMITING TOXICITY? |
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| Drug toxicity towards a particular organ is so serious that it puts a limit on the dose of that drug that may be used in treatment--> DOXORUBICIN in the heart |
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