Term
| muscarinic agonists-choline esters |
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Definition
| ACh, Bethanocol, Carbachol |
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Term
| muscarinic agonists-natural alkaloids |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Reversible cholinesterase inhibitors |
|
Definition
Donepezin
Edrophonium
physostigmine
Neostigmine |
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Term
| Irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a possible effect of prolonged use of CHOLINE ESTERS on nicotinic receptors? |
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Definition
| cause DEPOLARIZATION BLOCK because they prevent postjunctional cells from returning to the resting state |
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Term
| where are M2 receptors found? what is their effect |
|
Definition
| peripheral nerves, heart, some in smooth muscle-->they INHIBIT the release of NT by stopping cAMP production and opening K+ channels |
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|
Term
| where are M3 receptors found? what is their effect? |
|
Definition
| smooth muscle, endothelium and exocrine glands--> EXCITATORY -->IP3 formation and increased Ca++ |
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Term
| in cases of GASTROPARESIS due to diabetes, how do choline esters help? |
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Definition
| they increase tone, motility, increase secretions, and relax sphincters of the GI |
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Term
| what are CHOLINE ESTER effects on the bladder and urinary system? |
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Definition
| increase detrusor muscle contraction and ureteral peristalsis, also causes erection in males |
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Term
| what is the effect of CHOLINE ESTERS on the bronchial smooth muscle? |
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Definition
| contraction and increased secretion |
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|
Term
| what is CHOLINE ESTER effect on the eye? |
|
Definition
| constriction of sphincter of the iris |
|
|
Term
| what are the effects of M3 receptors stimulation on the eye? blockage? |
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Definition
M3 stimulation-->cylcospasm--> contraction rounds lens and makes eye see close images
M3 blockage-->cycloplegia--> relaxation flattens lens and makes the eye see far images |
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|
Term
| what is the only ORAL choline ester? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| which choline esters are broken down by AChesterases? |
|
Definition
| only ACh, bethanechol and carbachol are not |
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|
Term
| what adverse effects are seen when ACh and carbachol are given locally on the conjunctiva? |
|
Definition
| visual difficulty on far vision or dim light |
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|
Term
| what is PILOCARPINE used for? |
|
Definition
| xerostomia, open angle glaucoma |
|
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Term
| ****what are the two types of AChesterase inhibitors? examples**** TEST QUESTION |
|
Definition
REVERSIBLE- carbamates (physostigmine and neostigmine) and ***edrophonium (used for diagnosis of myesthenia gravis-short acting****
IRREVERSIBLE - organophosphates (nerve gas-cause aging of enzyme) |
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|
Term
| what drug REACTIVATES AchE after it has been blocked? when does the drug NOT work? |
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Definition
| pralidoxime-->only works if the enzyme has not undergone aging, otherwise it's not effective |
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Term
|
Definition
| carbachol, pilocarpine, physostigmine |
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