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S3 DNA and Genetics
Glossary FCs
22
Biology
Not Applicable
01/07/2026

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Term
double stranded
Definition
structure of a DNA molecule
Term
nucleotide
Definition
subunits of DNA
Term
base
Definition
components of a nucleotide that makes four different types of nucleotide
Term
A, T, C & G
Definition
four bases in DNA
Term
complementary base pairs (in DNA)
Definition
A&T and C&G
Term
structural proteins
Definition
proteins that provide support and form frameworks in living organisms
Term
hormones
Definition
chemical messengers that travel in the blood
Term
antibodies
Definition
Y shaped proteins that defend the body against disease
Term
receptors
Definition
proteins found on cell membranes, allow the cell to receive chemical messages
Term
enzymes
Definition
biological catalysts, speed up the rate of reactions in cells
Term
amino acids
Definition
subunits of proteins
Term
the shape of a protein
Definition
determines the function of a protein
Term
the order of amino acids in the protein
Definition
determines the shape of a protein
Term
gene
Definition
a section of DNA that codes for a protein
Term
the order of the bases on a gene
Definition
determines the order of amino acids in a protein
Term
mutation
Definition
a change to genetic information and the source of new alleles
Term
advantageous, disadvantageous, neutral
Definition
three effects of mutation
Term
radiation and some chemicals
Definition
environmental factors that can increase the rate of mutations
Term
adaptation
Definition
an inherited characteristic that makes an organism more suited to its environment
Term
variation
Definition
differences within populations that make it possible for them to evolve over time
Term
natural selection
Definition
another term for 'survival of the fittest' happens when selection pressures determine which individuals survive and reproduce
Term
selection pressure
Definition
factors that determine which members of a population are best adapted to their environment and so most likely to survive.​
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