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| A substance that contains only one type of atom. |
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| A substance with two or more elements chemically joined together. |
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| A compound containing the elements carbon and hydrogen only |
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| A family of compounds with the general formula CnH2n+2. (The simplest is methane, CH4.) |
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| Formula which shows the number of atoms of the different elements which are present in one molecule of the substance, for example ethane: C2H6 |
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Formula which shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule. A full structural formula shows all the bonds, for example propane:
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| A substance that burns releasing energy. |
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| The burning of a substance during which the elements in the substance combine with oxygen. |
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| Calcium hydroxide solution. Used to test for carbon dioxide, which turns it cloudy. |
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| Used to test for water, which turns it from blue to pink. |
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Use of words to show the reactants and the products during a chemical reaction. For example,
magnesium + oxygen --> magnesium oxide |
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| A family of compounds with the general formula CnH2n. (The simplest is ethene, C2H4.) |
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| Used to test for the presence of carbon to carbon double bonds. If at least one C=C is present in the molecule the solution quickly colourless. |
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| A reaction in which two (or more) molecules join to produce a single larger molecule and nothing else. |
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| Relatively small molecules that can join together to produce a very large molecule (a polymer) by a process called polymerisation. |
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| A very large molecule which is formed by the joining together of many smaller molecules (monomers), |
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| The process where many small molecules (monomers) join to form one large molecule (a polymer) and nothing else. |
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| Plastics which soften on heating and can be reshaped. |
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| Plastic which does not soften on heating. |
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| Formed from the remains of living things for example, coal, crude oil and natural gas. |
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| A mixture of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points obtained by fractional distillation. |
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| A way of separating crude oil into groups of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points (fractions). |
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| How easily a liquid ignites and burns, for example petrol is more flammable than diesel. |
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| How ‘thick’ a liquid is, for example engine oil is ‘thicker’ (more viscous) than petrol. |
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| Having a low boiling point and therefore easily turned into a gas. |
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| The breaking up of larger hydrocarbon molecules (usually alkanes) to make a mixture of smaller molecules (usually alkanes and alkenes). The use of a catalyst in catalytic cracking allows the process to be carried out at a lower temperature. |
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