Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which vitamin is a cofactor for dehydrogenases |
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Definition
B1/thiamin
-pyruvate dehydrogenase
-alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
-branched chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase |
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Term
| Name 5 functions of thiamin |
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Definition
1. cofactor for dehyrogenase rxns
2. involved as a transketolase in pentose phosphate pathway
3. converts tryptophan to niacin
4. neurotransmitter release for high frequency impulses
5. methabolism of ethanol |
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Term
| Meat, fish , poultry, legumes, nuts, whole grain cereals are a good source of thiamin, what is thiamin sensitive to? |
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Definition
| heat, oxygen, and alkali (baking soda) |
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Term
| Which vitamin can reduce nausea in pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| Deficiency of which vitamin can cause Beri Beri? Describe the disease? |
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Definition
B1,
Major source of infant mortality in poor countries
Weakness, wasting of msucles, un coordinated movements, confulsions, confusion, apathy, high heart rate, heart hypertrophy, high serum pyruvate, cyanosis, constipation, nausea, anorexcia, vomiting.
Babies will have a thin almost inaudible cry |
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Term
| What is the diffrence between wet and dry BeriBeri |
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Definition
Wet refers to the development of edema, patient will eventually die of congestive heart failure
Dry is without edema formation |
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Term
| Who are most susceptable to vitamin B1 deficiency? |
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Definition
| Babies who are breastfed (less B1 in milk) and alcoholics |
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Term
| What is vitamin B2? What forms does it come in? |
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Definition
| Riboflavin in FAD FMN prosthetic group of oxidoreductases |
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Term
| What type of chemical reactions are B2 vitamins usually involved in? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are good sources for B2? (6) |
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Definition
1. milk
2. eggs
3. whole grain
4. yellow vegetables
5. liver
6. kidney |
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Term
| What environments is riboflavin stable in, where is it destroyed? |
|
Definition
stable: heat, acid, oxygen
destroyed: alkali and light |
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Term
| A baby with hyperbilirubinemia is treated with phototherapy, this might cause a deficiency in which vitamin? why? |
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Definition
deficiency: B2 Riboflavin
because: it is light sensititive |
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Term
| Deficiency in which vitamins can caused cleft palate? |
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Definition
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Term
| A pregnant woman has a vitamin B2 deficiency, what are some embryological problems that can result? |
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Definition
1. cleft palate
2. cataracts
3. shortening of hte long bones
4. shortening of ribs |
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Term
| A patient presents with psychological deviations (hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria) cheilosis (cracked lips), glossitis (smooth purple tongue), and anemia... deficiency of what vitamin an can cause these symptoms? |
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Definition
B2
other symptoms: growth retardation, reduced hand grip strenghth, fatty dermatitis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which demogrpahic of people definitely need B3 and why? |
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Definition
| Alcoholics because it plays a role in the detoxicfication of ethanol |
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Term
| Strictly speaking niacin is not a vitamin, why is it that we consider it one? |
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Definition
| Niacin is synthesized from Trp which is an essential amino acid that we cannot synthesize.... We synthesize niacin from Trp |
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Term
| What are the functions of B3? |
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Definition
| NAD+ or NADP+ act as cosubstrate of oxidoreductases |
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Term
| What are some common sources for B3(nicotinamide/niacin) |
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Definition
| meat, legumes, nuts, fish, and corn |
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Term
| What is the issue with obtaining niacin from corn? |
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Definition
| Corn contains nicotinamide in a chem. bound but uavailable form. Nixtamalization, which is the treatment of the corn with dilute bases, allows for the vitamin to be in a chemically available form. |
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Term
| Deficiency in which vitamin can cause pellagra? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four Ds of pellagra |
|
Definition
diarrhea
dermatitis
dementia
death
(vampires) |
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Term
| Other than vitamin B3 deficiency, what is another way pellagra can form |
|
Definition
| a diet high in leu and low in ile (sorghum or millet as a staple food) |
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Term
| Patient presents with gastrointestinal distress, nervousness, recurring ulcers, glucose intolerance and fulminant hepatitis, toxicity of which vitamin might cause this? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient presents with flushed skin, tachycardia, hypoglycemia, and burning/tingling sensations, toxicity of which vitamin might be causing this? |
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Definition
| B3- but actually toxicity with nicotinic acid not nicotinamide....with doses in excess of 50mg |
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Term
| Which vitamin is pantothenic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two main functions of B5 (panthothenic acid) |
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Definition
1. Component of coenzyme A, energy rich thioester bond preserves the energy of C-C bonds split in making the acyl-Coa.
2. clinically used to stimulate gastrointestinal mobility after surgery
(can also be used in make up but the mechanism is unknown) |
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Term
| What are good sources for pantothenic acid (B5) |
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Definition
all living matter
particularly:organ meats, fish, whole grain cereals, and royal jelly |
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Term
| what environment can destroy B5 (pantothenic acid) |
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Definition
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Term
| Large doses of B5 can result in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Deficiency in pantothenic acid (B5) can result in unspecific symptoms including? |
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Definition
reduced cell health,
insomnia,
vomiting,
higher rate of infection |
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Term
| which vitamin is pyridoxine? |
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Definition
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Term
| The requirements of B6 (pyrodoxine) is based on what? |
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Definition
protein intake, increased protein intake increased need for B6.
16ug of B6 for each gram of protein |
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Term
| what are the functions of B6 (pyridoxine) |
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Definition
| Cofactor in transaminase, deaminase, decarboxylase ractions which are essential in metabolism, a.a. metabolism, hormone synthesis,....syntehsis of nicotinamide(B3) |
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