Term
| What are the Fat soluble vitamins? |
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Definition
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Term
| All fat soluble vitamins are derived from which molecule type? |
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Definition
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Term
| Retinoids are what type of vitamin? (1 letter) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of Vitamin A? |
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Definition
Night Vision and:
1. Epithelia of mucus membrane, without Vit. A it will cause karatinization
2. bone formation: osteoblasts and osteoclasts
3. Wound healing
4. Reproduction: Sperm formation in males, and maintenance in pregnancy |
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Term
| Which retinoid allows for improved night vision? |
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Definition
11-cis-retinal, which is a component of rhodopsin...allows for visual purple
It is light sensitive, and is converted to all-trans-retinal (visual yellow) in the presence of light. |
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Term
| Describe the rxns to obtain retinoic acid |
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Definition
Retinol (alcohol) to Retinal (aldehyde): this occurs through a reversible redox rxn.
Retinal is then irreversibly converted to retinoic acid |
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Term
| Which retinoid is a morphogenic hormone? what is meant by that term? |
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Definition
| Retinoic acid is a morphogenic hormone which means that it contributes to the development of epithelia and bones |
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Term
| Why is retinoic acid not recommended for pregnant women? |
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Definition
| REtinoic acid could be used for acne treatment, however should not be used on pregnant women because it is a morphogenic hormone which means that it will influence the growth and devleopment of the fetus.....possibly leading to celft palate |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 molecules of retinol covalently linked. Its uptake is controlled so it is safer to take in. Plants provide carotin |
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Term
| What is the clinical significance of Beta Carotin |
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Definition
| It has been shown to interfere with the progression of some cancers. |
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Term
| What are food sources for vitamin A? |
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Definition
1. green and yellow veggies
2. egg yolk
3. milk
4. liver
5. synthetic carotene often found in soft drinks |
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Term
| What are the signs of Vitamin A deficiency? |
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Definition
1. Eye damage (night blindness)
2. Keratomalacia (eye disorder leading to dry cornea)
3. Bitots Spots
4. blindness
5. skin damage
6. infetility
7. Immune deficiency |
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Term
| What are the signs of vitamin A toxicity? |
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Definition
1. Cleft palate (embryogenesis, mother taking retinoic acid during pregnancy)
2. diarrhea
3. bone resorption
4. headache
5. nausea
6. peeling skin
7. hair loss |
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Term
| An infant presents with hydrocephalus, hyperiritability and a cleft palate, which vitamin might he be deficient in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Stargardt disease |
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Definition
| A mutation/problem with the ABC-R transporter. All-trans-retinol cannot be converted to cis retinal in the retinal rods, so the ABC-R transporter protein takes it into the blood stream where it can be converted. IF the transporter is mutated then we have an accumulation of all-trans retinal which causes stargardts adn leads to blindness. |
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Term
| A genetic eye disorder that can cause progressive vision loss |
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Definition
| autosomal macular dystrophy |
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Term
| disease where night blindness leads to tunnel vision...patient usually does not become legally blind |
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Definition
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Term
| which genetic diseases are associated with vitamin metabolism? |
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Definition
1. Stargardts disease
2. autosomal macular dystrophy
3. retinitis pigmentosa |
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Term
| Which protein is retinoic acid bound to in blood? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cellular retinoic acid binding protein, which is where the target cells bind |
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Term
| Calictriole is what type of vitamin? |
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Definition
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Term
| For the synthesis of cholecalciferol in skin (vitamin D) what is absolutely necessary? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the vitamin D supplement found in yeast? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of vitamin D? |
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Definition
| stimulates absorption of ca+ and phosphate in the gut and its resorption in the kidney and its release from bone. It is in high need during hte last two months of prgnancy and during lactation. |
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Term
| which vitamin is necessary for hte last two months of pregnancy.... particuarly for bone formation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which vitamin contributes to night blindness? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient presents with nausea, peeling skin, and hair loss, which vitamin might she be deficient in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are good sources for vitamin D? |
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Definition
1.liver
2.certain fish
3. yeast
4. milk |
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Term
| Lactose intolerance can contribute to deficiency of what vitamin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Weak bones and teeth are indiciation of a deficiency of what vitamin? |
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Definition
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Term
| osteomalacia is typical in what vitamin deficiency? |
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Definition
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Term
| low muscle tonus, and bone and teeth malformation is characteristic of deficiency of what vitamin? |
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Definition
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Term
| A child presents with hypercalcemia, weight loss and failure to grow and sensitivty to devleoping alergies toxicity of which vitamin might contribute? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tocopherol is which vitamin? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does vitamin E protect the cell membrane |
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Definition
| It prevents the oxidation of polyunsaturated Fatty acids (PUFA) especially in red blood cells and in the lungs |
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Term
| What is the most active tocopherol (vitamin E) |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the functions of vitamin E |
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Definition
-antioxidant
- radical scavanger
- protect vitamins C and A against oxidation during storage |
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Term
| What is a great source of vitamin E (6)? |
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Definition
| plant oils, nuts, wheat germ, asparagus, mango, spinach |
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Term
| spinach is a great source of which vitamin |
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Definition
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Term
flaky skin, weak muscle (nutritional muscular dystrophy, muscle fiber fragmentation),
liver degeneration, loss of membrane function, hemolysis (resulting in anemia),
increased lipofuscin formation are all signs of deficiency in what vitamin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Toxicity of vitamin E is rare, however, what are the symptoms? |
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Definition
| gastrointestinal distress, nausea, failure of blood clotting, diarrhea |
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Term
| What is AVED and which vitamin is it associated with? |
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Definition
| ataxia and vitamin E deficiency, the inability of liver to pass vitamin E into the blood stream which can cause severe neurological defects |
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Term
| Vitamin K is most important for which function |
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Definition
| Koagulation (coagulation) |
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Term
| What is the synthetic vitamin K |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of vitamin K is found in plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whcih type of vitamin K is found in meats and bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
It is a vitamin K antagonist, which is used as a blood thinner (anti coagulants) and as a rat poison
Acts on vitamin K epoxide reductase which normally works to to convert the epoxide form of vitamin K back to the active reduced form |
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Term
| Vitamin K is required for blood clotting factors, what does it do? |
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Definition
It converts Glu to Gla which creates a Ca2+ binding site for the protein.
It does this for the following clotting factors:
II: prothrombin
VII: proconvertin
IX: thromboplastin
X: Stuart Cofactor
and
Osteoclacin |
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Term
| What are sources of Vitamin K? |
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Definition
Intestinal flora provides about 50% of vitamin K
Green leafy vegetables |
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Term
| Why is it that treating a patient with broadband antibiotics can cause vitamin K deficiency? |
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Definition
| Because of the vitamin K we need is provided by our intestinal flora, and a broadband antibiotic could work against this flora killing it off and diminishing our vitamin K production. |
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Term
| Can vitamin K be used as an antidote for warfarin poisoning? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient presents with hemorhhaging and Ca2+ deposits in the arteries, also complains of stomach pains and and shows signs of bone malformation, which vitamin might this patient be deficient in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Toxicity of vitamin K can cause what chain of events to occur? |
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Definition
| hemolytic anemia-> jaundice->kernicterus=>poisoning of brain by billiruben |
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Term
| HDN is associated with which vitamin |
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Definition
| Late onset hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, bay be caused by subclinical liver problems |
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