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S2 Sci Cells and Plants
glossary flashcards
43
Biology
Not Applicable
10/26/2026

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Cards

Term
Word
Definition
Meaning
Term
nucleus, membrane, cytoplasm
Definition
three parts of an animal cell
Term
chloroplast, vacuole, cell wall
Definition
three parts of a plant cell (not found in animal cell)
Term
nucleus
Definition
part of the cell that contains the genetic information
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
location of many of a cell’s reactions
Term
membrane
Definition
controls what enters and leaves the cell
Term
chloroplast
Definition
the site of photosynthesis In plant cells
Term
vacuole
Definition
contains sap
Term
cell wall
Definition
surrounds plant cells and gives them support
Term
specialised cells
Definition
cells that have special features that allow them to perform their functions effectively
Term
guard cells
Definition
cells that form a pore called a stomata for gas exchange
Term
xylem
Definition
hollow tubes to transport water with rings of lignin to strengthen the walls
Term
root hair cell
Definition
cells that have a large surface area for absorbing water from the soil
Term
diffusion
Definition
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Term
concentration gradient
Definition
the difference in concentration between two areas
Term
iodine
Definition
chemical used to test for starch
Term
brown to black
Definition
colour change for positive starch test using Iodine
Term
Benedict’s solution
Definition
chemical used to test for sugar
Term
blue to orange
Definition
colour change for positive sugar test with Benedict’s solution
Term
small
Definition
size of molecules that can diffuse across the cell membrane
Term
glucose, oxygen and carbon dioxide
Definition
three examples of small molecules that can diffuse across cell membranes
Term
cell division
Definition
process needed to make more cells for growth of organisms and repair of damaged tissues
Term
chromosomes
Definition
after cell division the daughter cells must have the same number of these as the parent cells
Term
doubles
Definition
what happens to the total number of cells in a population when the cells divides
Term
cancer cells
Definition
type of cell that undergoes uncontrolled cell division
Term
UV Rays and X Rays
Definition
two types of radiation that increases the risk of cancer
Term
screening
Definition
when certain members of the population are tested for diseases before they have any symptoms
Term
uses of plants
Definition
food, fuel, raw materials, medicine, aesthetics (make surroundings look nice)
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
process that plants use to make glucose
Term
starch
Definition
the way glucose is stored in a plant
Term
light energy to chemical energy
Definition
energy change that takes place in plants as a result of photosynthesis
Term
chloroplast
Definition
structure in plants cells that contains the chlorophyll
Term
chlorophyll
Definition
green pigment in plant cells that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
Term
carbon dioxide and water
Definition
two raw materials of photosynthesis
Term
glucose and oxygen
Definition
two products of photosynthesis
Term
variegated
Definition
a plant whose leaves have areas that lack chlorophyll and are white
Term
independent
Definition
the variable that is changed in an investigation
Term
dependent
Definition
the variable that is measured as the results in a an investigation
Term
control
Definition
an experiment set up to compare results when no treatment is applied.
Term
reliability
Definition
measure of confidence in the results that is increased by repeating experiments
Term
validity
Definition
all other variables are controlled to ensure any effect is likely to be due to the variable being changed.
Term
hazard
Definition
something in an experiment that has the potential to cause harm
Term
risk
Definition
the probability of a harmful event occurring
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