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S1 Cells and Microbes
Glossary FCs
36
Biology
Not Applicable
01/21/2026

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Term
microscope
Definition
Equipment used to magnify objects in Science
Term
eye piece lens
Definition
at the top of the microscope, magnifies objects
Term
objective lens
Definition
close to the stage of the microscope, magnifies objects
Term
stage
Definition
part of the microscope where the slide is placed
Term
focus control
Definition
part of the microscope that is turned to make the image clearer to see
Term
mirror
Definition
part of the microscope that reflects light up to the stage
Term
total magnification
Definition
the eyepiece lens magnification X the objective lens magnification
Term
coverslip
Definition
small thin square of glass placed on a specimen of cells on a slide
Term
stain
Definition
chemical used to make parts of the cells easier to see
Term
iodine
Definition
stain used for onion skin cells
Term
methylene blue
Definition
stain used for cheek cells
Term
membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
Definition
three parts found in both plant and animal cells
Term
cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast
Definition
three parts found in only plant cells
Term
nucleus
Definition
controls what happens in a cell and contains the genetic information
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
where many chemical reaction happen in a cell
Term
Membrane
Definition
controls what can enter and leave the cell
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
site of photosynthesis
Term
Cell wall
Definition
surrounds plant cells and gives them support
Term
Vacuole
Definition
contains sap
Term
Bacteria, fungi and viruses
Definition
three types of microbe
Term
Make food like bread, cheese and wine, make biofuel
Definition
beneficial uses of microbes
Term
Food, water, warm temperature and a suitable pH
Definition
four resources needed for growth of microbes
Term
Aseptic techniques
Definition
techniques used to prevent contamination when growing microbes
Term
independent variable
Definition
the variable deliberately change in an investigation
Term
dependent variable
Definition
the variable measured as the results in an investigation
Term
validity
Definition
other variables are kept the same to ensure any effect is likely due to the variable being changed (independent variable)
Term
25- 37oC
Definition
temperature range for best growth of microbes
Term
Handwashing & covering mouth / nose when coughing or sneezing
Definition
Ways to prevent the spread of disease from one person to another
Term
First Line of Defence
Definition
barriers to infection, such as skin, stomach acid and mucus
Term
skin
Definition
First line of defence against infection that covers almost the whole body
Term
Stomach acid
Definition
First line of defence against infection that can kill pathogens in food and drink
Term
mucus
Definition
First line of defence against infection that can prevent pathogens getting into the body from the nose
Term
White blood Cells
Definition
general name for blood cells which are part of the immune system
Term
Phagocytes
Definition
blood cells which engulf pathogens
Term
Lymphocytes
Definition
blood cells which produce antibodies
Term
Vaccine / vaccination
Definition
injecting a weak form of the disease in order to prevent a more dangerous form harming the patient.
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