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S&P
Sensations and Perceptions: Taste
28
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
12/07/2009

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Term
RETRONASAL OLFACTORY SENSATION
Definition
THE SENSATION OF AN ODOR THAT IS PERCEIVED WHEN CHEWING AND SWALLOWING FORCE AN ODORANT EMITTED BY THE MOUTH UP BEHIND THE PALATE INTO THE NOSE
Term
FLAVOR
Definition
THE COMBINATION OF TRUE TASTE AND RETRONASAL OLFACTION
Term
CHORDA TYMPANI NERVE
Definition
THE BRANCH OF CRANIAL NERVE VII (THE FACIAL NERVE) THAT CARRIES TASTE INFORMATION FROM THE ANTERIOR, MOBILE TONGUE (THE PART THAT CAN BE STUCK OUT)
Term
CHORDA TYMPANI NERVE
Definition
_____ LEAVES THE TONGUE WITH THE LINGUAL BRANCH OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE V) AND THEN PASSES THOUGH THE MIDDLE EAR ON ITS WAY TO THE BRAIN
Term
CRANIAL NERVES
Definition
12 PAIRS OF NERVES (ONE FOR EACH SIDE OF THE BODY) THAT ORIGINATE IN THE BRAIN STEM AND REACH SENSE ORGANS AND MUSCLES THOUGH OPENINGS IN THE SKULL
Term
TASTE BUDS
Definition
GLOBULAR CLUSTERS OF CELLS THAT HAVE THE FUNCTION OF CREATING THE NEURAL SIGNALS CONVEYED TO THE BRAIN BY TASTE NERVES
Term
PAPILLAE
Definition
STRUCTURES THAT GIVE THE TONGUE ITS BUMPY APPEARANCE
Term
FILIFORM PAPILLAE
Definition
NO TASTE FUNCTION; SMALL STRUCTURES ON THE TONGUE THAT PROVIDE THE BUMPY APPEARANCE; THE SMALLEST AND MOST NUMEROUS
Term
FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE
Definition
MUSHROOM-SHAPED STRUCTURES THAT ARE DISTRIBUTED MOST DENSELY ON THE EDGES OF THE TONGUE, ESP THE TIP; CONTAINS TASTE BUDS
Term
FOLIATE PAPILLAE
Definition
FOLDS OF TISSUE CONTAINING TASTE BUDS; LOCATED NEAR THE TONGUE LATERAL TO THE CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLAE, WHERE THE TONGUE ATTACHES TO THE MOUTH
Term
CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLAE
Definition
CIRCULAR STRUCTURES THAT FORM AN INVERTED V ON THE REAR OF THE TONGUE
Term
CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLAE
Definition
MOUNDLIKE STRUCTURES SURROUNDED BY A TRENCH (LIKE A MOAT); MUCH LARGER THAN FUNGIFORM
Term
MICROVILLI
Definition
SLENDER PROJECTIONS ON THE TIPS OF SOME TASTE BUDS CELLS THAT EXTEND INTO THE TASTE PORE
Term
INSULAR CORTEX
Definition
THE PRIMARY CORTICAL PROCESSING AREA FOR TASTE-PART OF THE CORTEX THAT FIRST RECEIVES THE TASTE INFORMATION
Term
ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX
Definition
THE PART OF THE FRONTAL LOBE THAT LIES ABOVE THE BONE CONTAINING THE EYES; IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROCESSING OLFACTION
Term
ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX
Definition
AREA OF THE BRAIN CRITICAL FOR ASSIGNING AFFECTIVE VALUE TO STIMULI--IN OTHER WORDS, DETERMINING HEDONIC MEANING
Term
BASIC TASTES
Definition
THE FOUR TASTE QUALITIES THAT ARE GENERALLY AGREED TO DESCRIBE HUMAN TASTE EXPERIENCE: SWEET, SALTY, SOUR, BITTER
Term
SALTY
Definition
THE TASTE QUALITY PRODUCED BY THE CATIONS OF SALTS
Term
SOUR
Definition
THE TASTE QUALITY PRODUCED BY THE HYDROGEN ION IN ACIDS
Term
BITTER
Definition
THE TASTE QUALITY, GENERALLY CONSIDERED UNPLEASANT, THAT IS PRODUCED BY SUBSTANCES LIKE QUININE OR CAFFEINE
Term
SWEET
Definition
THE TASTE QUALITY PRODUCED BY SOME SUGARS
Term
UMAMI
Definition
THE TASTE SENSATION EVOKED BY MSG
Term
MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE (MSG)
Definition
SODIUM SALT OF GLUTAMIC ACID
Term
LABELED LINES
Definition
THEORY OF TASTE CODING IN WHICH EACH TASTE NERVE FIBER CARRIES A PARTICULAR TASTE QUALITY
Term
NONTASTER
Definition
AN INDIVIDUAL BORN WITHOUT RECEPTORS FOR THE BITTER COMPOUND 6-N-PROPYLTHIOURACIL; FEWEST FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE; LIVE IN A "PASTEL" TASTE WORLD
Term
CROSS MODALITY MATCHING
Definition
THE ABILITY TO MATCH THE INTENSITIES OF SENSATIONS THAT COME FROM DIFFERENT SENSORY MODALITIES; ALLOWS INSIGHT INTO SENSORY DIFFERENCES
Term
CROSS MODALITY MATCHING
Definition
EX: A NONTASTER THE BITTERNESS OF BLACK COFFEE ROUGHLY MATCHES THE PAIN OF A MILD HEADACHE; A SUPERTASTER, THE COFFEE TASTE MATCHES THE PAIN OF A SEVERE HEADACHE
Term
SUPERTASTER
Definition
AN INDIVIDUAL BORN WITH RECEPTORS FOR THE BITTER COMPOUND 6-N-PROP WHO ALSO HAS A HIGH DENSITY OF FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE
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