Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| host specific, obligate intracellular--destroy GI mucosa |
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Term
| coccidiosis affects what age group in SR? |
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Definition
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Term
| coccidiosis disease occurs when |
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Definition
| stress, change diet, weather, parturition, weaning |
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Term
| coccidiosis diarrhea consistency (yum) |
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Definition
| water, mucous, usually not bloody |
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Term
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Definition
| fever, anorexia, dehydration, wknss, wt loss, death, subclinical=decreased production |
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Term
| coccidiosis diagnosis in SR |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sulfa drugs, amprolium (10X cattle dose), monensin (risk of toxicity) |
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Term
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Definition
| manure management, decrease stocking rate, manure disposal, elevate feeders |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| tapes in SR worrisome for O. or SR? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| white proglottids in feces |
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Term
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Definition
| deworm w/FBZ (keep in rotation) |
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Term
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Definition
| E. coli, rota/corona virus, Crypto |
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Term
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Definition
| neonatal diarrhea, similar to calves |
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Term
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Definition
Clostridium perfingens
C=necrotic enteritis, hemorrhagic enterotoxemia
D=pulpy kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| <1week old; FPT; toxin is sensitive to trypsin (trypsin inhibitors in colostrum |
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Term
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Definition
| biggest lambs; older lambs>kids on grain feed; sudden convulsive death; Hglycemia, glucosuria |
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Term
| clostridium/GI enterotoxemia Tx |
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Definition
| clostridial antitoxins, oral abx |
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Term
| clostridium/GI enterotoxemia prevention |
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Definition
Vaccinate: ewes/does 1 mo b4 parturition, kids follow label; dairy goats might need q6Mos
minimize feed changes, gradual, bacterin/toxoids |
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Term
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Definition
| idiopathic/suffolk (black faced breeds) |
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Term
| idiopath abomasal emptying CS |
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Definition
| wt loss, abd distension, anorexia |
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Term
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Definition
| increased rumen chloride, necropsy |
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Term
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Definition
| mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
| 2-5 YO, sheep strains more diff to cure |
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Term
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Definition
pasty>fluid diarrhea, wt. loss, emaciation
Histo (acid fast) of ileum, ileocecal LNN, serology, special culture, DNA probes |
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Term
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Definition
| Cull (AGID and ELISA surveillance) |
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Term
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Definition
sheep=coagulase (-) staph>S. aureus, M. haemolytica
Goats=less M. haemolytica
uncommon, <5% lactations |
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Term
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Definition
no IMM drugs approved; use extralabel and extended w/d times (1/2 cow dose)
cannula w/tomcat cath
mycoplasma/gangrenous=no tx |
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Term
|
Definition
S. aureus, Strep, Corynebacterium, Mycoplasma
20-40% SR |
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Term
| subclinical mastitis SR Dx |
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Definition
Culture; SCC/CMT: goats have higher % neuts normally (500K-1 mill)
SCC increases in late lactation |
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Term
| subclinical mastitis SR Tx |
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Definition
IMM abx at dry-off or weaning
extended w/drawl time |
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Term
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Definition
| corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| close contact, abrasions, ingestion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cull, isolation, drain (pets) |
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Term
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Definition
| Vx, quarantine, cull, sanitation; Vx for sheep only, decreases signs but doesn't eliminate |
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Term
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Definition
DNA poxvirus
adult sheep>goat |
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Term
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Definition
proliferative pox lesions on lips, gums, teats, etc
nonfatal if they keep on eating
self limiting |
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Term
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Definition
| Vx, not used much scarified into skin |
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Term
| scrapie (prion like BSE) CS |
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Definition
progressive encephalitis, pruritis, excitement, fine tremors, ataxia
adult sheep>goats |
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Term
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Definition
most common at urethral process
castrated bucks/wethers>intact males
increase phosphate, decreased water |
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Term
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Definition
urethral relaxants, urinary acidifiers
Sx=snip off urethral process; tube cystotomy>PU |
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Term
| SR urolithiasis prevention |
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Definition
| increase water access, Ca:P ratio=2:1, salt, NH4Cl to acidify urine |
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Term
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Definition
sheep, young
acute hemolytic crisis
Dx=Cu in blood, liver, kidney, feed
tx=molybdenum, ammonium tetrathiomolybdenate
Cu proper in diet |
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Term
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Definition
soil
CS=meningoencephalitis, unilateral CN signs
Tx=penicillin, tetracycline |
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Term
| test for FPT in calves (herd program) |
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Definition
serum total protein
want TP>5.5 |
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Term
| FPT test for single sick calf |
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Definition
sodium sulfite turbidity test
positive turbidity w/18% Na sulfite=1000mg/dl IgG |
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Term
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Definition
septicemia
polyarthritis (E. coli, salmonella, M. bovis)
meningitis (E. coli) |
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Term
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Definition
absorption best 4-6 hrs
decreased sharply by 12 hr
closure by 24 hr
** need volume/quality colostrum in first 6-12hrs |
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Term
| factors affecting passive transfer |
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Definition
time=earlier better
colostral IgG conc=beef>>dairy
volume fed (volume X conc=mass IgG)
mass varies=time of milking, dry period length, nutrition, parity
IgG decreases rapidly after calving
IgG decreases rapidly w/time
Oxytocin--more milk--dilutes IgG |
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Term
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Definition
K99 pathogenic
<3 days old
Normal GI flora fecal oral
calves born late at greater risk, increased environmental load |
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Term
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Definition
adhesin in pilli--adheres to enterocytes--heat stable enterotoxins--activates cGMP--Hsecreation of Cl- from crypts
As abomasal pH decreases to<3 (by day 2-3),no problem |
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Term
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Definition
no damage to villi
secretory diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
watery, yellow diarrhea, no blood, no tenesmus
High fecal pH (secretory=increase bicarb in feces) |
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Term
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Definition
Rarely done; must ID spec, strain
FAb for K99 pillus
Latex agg assay for K99 |
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Term
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Definition
hydration oral/IV fluids,
Abx=ceftioufur, sulfas, amoxicillin |
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Term
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Definition
Vax dam late gestation
clean housing
Oral vax (monoclonal Ab for K99) to calf in emergency outbreak |
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Term
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Definition
dsRNA virus, non enveloped
calves 5-15dd
fecal oral
stable in pH/temp |
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Term
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Definition
| infects SI villous epi--kills cells--villous atrophy--epi cells replaced w/immature cells w/decreased lactase--malabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
villous atrophy
malabsorption
small secretory from viral endotoxin |
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Term
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Definition
high morb, low mort
infected 24 hrs, diarrhea until immature epi cells mature |
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Term
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Definition
fecal EM
other=FAb, ELISA, PCR |
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Term
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Definition
no spec tx
management, isolate new arrivals, sic; handle sick 1st,
vax dam late gestation (oral vax for newborns no good) |
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Term
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Definition
ssRNA
calves 4-30dd
fecal oral
environment
some resp tx.
unstable at pH<3, <45 degrees |
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Term
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Definition
| infects SI and LI villous epi and crypts--villous sloughing, villous fusion--maldigestion + malabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
villous slough/fusion
S/LI lose colonic ridges
malabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
watery yellow diarrhea, no blood/tenesmus
+/- mild resp |
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Term
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Definition
Fecal EM
FAb, ELISA, RIA (not avail) |
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Term
| corona tx. and prevention |
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Definition
non specific
Vx dam late gestation
decrease fecal exposure, clean stalls, disinfect, grow out of eventually |
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Term
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Definition
protozoa
5-30dd old
fecal oral, +/- aerosol |
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Term
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Definition
villous atrophy, crypt Hplasia, trophozoites and schizonts in GI epi
malabsorptive diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
white-yellow diarrhea, +/- blood
diarrhea for many days |
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Term
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Definition
oocysts in feces: iodine, acid-fast, saffranin-meth blue; flotation w/Sheathers
IF of feces
definitive=see it in feces
ELISA |
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Term
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Definition
none specific
ZOONOTIC
good mgmt; oocysts destroyed by freezing or drying
10^5-10^7 oocysts/mL feces=diagnosis |
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Term
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Definition
5-42dd
dublin, typhimurium
fecal oral
some airborne
persistent, killed by heat
+/-Zoonotic |
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Term
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Definition
enterotoxin=hypersecretion
cytotoxin=decreased protein synthesis, cell death, increased permeability
ingest--through GI wall--mesenteric LNN--liver, septicemia |
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Term
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Definition
malabsorptive and secretory (lots of fluid loss)
septicemia, sudden death, fever
bloody, tenesmus, mucous shreds
anorexia, leukopenia |
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Term
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Definition
fecal culture
fecal PCR
CBC=degen L shift
serology=herd surveillance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
mgmt
Vax not great, mutant gram - decreases severity of CS
use milk replacer (dublin shed in milk)
NOT Himmune serum |
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Term
| nutritional diarrhea of calves |
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Definition
| don;t feed poor quality milk replacer (soy) |
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Term
| attaching and effacing E Coli (EHEC) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| attach to enterocytes--verotoxins--necrosis+slough enterocytes |
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Term
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Definition
epi slough @BM
malabsorptive
watery diarrhea
bright red blood |
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Term
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Definition
| culture E Coli + typing (prove toxin production,verotoxins) |
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Term
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Definition
eimeria zurneii, bovis
>30dd (PPP is 16-30dd, cannot see in calves<3wks old) |
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Term
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Definition
LI diarrhea (low volume, not watery)
bloody, mucosa shreds, tenesmus |
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Term
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Definition
FEC=quantitative
Histo=typhlocolitis w/coccidial organism |
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Term
| coccidiosis in calves tx and prevention |
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Definition
no speccific tx
decrease stocking rates
no feed on ground
anticoccidial=ionophores, decoq, amprolium |
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Term
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Definition
fecal oral
most subclinical
malabsorptive diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| fecal wet mount or ZnSO4=motile trophozoites |
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Term
| giardia tx and prevention |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
alert active normal
BD of calf <8d=0
BD of calf >8d=7 |
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Term
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Definition
depressed, slow, lethargic
BD of calf <8d=5
BD of calf >8d=11 |
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Term
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Definition
sternal recumbency, weak suckle
BD of calf<8d=12
BD of calf>8d=16 |
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Term
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Definition
lateral recumbency, absent suckle
BD of calf<8d=13
BD of calf>8d=20 |
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Term
% dehydration
normal (<6%) |
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Definition
normal demeanor
eyes normal
no skin tent |
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Term
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Definition
depressed
eyes sunk 2-4mm
1-3s skin tent |
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Term
% dehydration
moderate (8-10%) |
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Definition
depressed
eyes sunk 4-6mm
skin tent 2-5sec |
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Term
% dehydration
severe (10-12%) |
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Definition
comatose
eyes sunk 6-8mm
5-10sec skin tent |
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Term
% dehydration
death (>12%) |
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Definition
dead
eyes sunk 8-12mm
>10sec skin tent |
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