Term
| why telecommunication is an important infrastructure? |
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Definition
| for reception and expression of ideas and info |
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Term
| the 3 major components of electronic media |
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Definition
1. electronic - human manipulation of electronic media
2. media - carriers of human communication that can reach great numbers of people
3. broadcasting - one to many (distribution of seeds; originally an agricultural term) |
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Term
| why hybrid services like DBS and cable don't fall under definition of broadcasting? |
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Definition
| don't use electromagnetic spectrum & not free |
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Term
| definition of broadcasting |
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Definition
| to send out sound/pictures through radio wavse for reception by general public |
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Term
| features electronic media provide to public |
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Definition
diversion, enrichment & surveillance
avg american watches 5 hrs of tv per day & upwards of 92% listen to the radio weekly |
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Term
| weakness of wired communication |
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Definition
| construction & maintenance |
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Term
| James Clark Maxwell & Heinrich Hertz |
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Definition
demonstrated existance of electromagnetic radiation
maxwell: developed theory
Hertz: proved theory |
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Term
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Definition
experimented with radio ransmitters/receivers
developed powerful wireless business
obtained patent for wireless telegraph in 1896 |
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Term
| form of early radio before broadcasting |
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Definition
| point to point, wireless communication |
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Term
| initial uses of radio before broadcasting |
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Definition
maritime shipping industry...
one point to another |
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Term
| titanic and its affect on radio regulation and shipping industry |
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Definition
| congress enacted law requiring day/night staffing of radio communication |
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Term
| earliest know form of broadcasting |
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Definition
Fesseden, christmas eve, 1906
maryland to washington dc |
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Term
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Definition
| created the audion, which made it possible to amplify weak radio signals |
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Term
| Navy and WWI's effect on radio development |
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Definition
| technology advanced rapidly resulting from navy's actions |
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Term
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Definition
formed after WWI because of fear of foreign control, US Navy leadership.
Navy, GE, AT&T, Westinhouse all participated |
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Term
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Definition
| allowed GE, AT&T and Westinghouse to take advantage of each other's discoveries... GE and Westinghouse manufactured radio equipment, RCA sold it & AT&T built transmitters |
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Term
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Definition
| started 1st radio station KDK in Nov. 1920 |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st commercially licensed radio station |
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Term
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Definition
| AT&T leaves broadcasting business |
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Term
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Definition
| started NBC (1926); oversaw 2 radio networks and began radio network broadcasting |
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Term
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Definition
1st radio network company (1926)
NBC controlled 2 networks: telephone group (NBC red) & Radio group (NBC blue) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1927, Columbian Broadcasting Station; incestment by Columbia Phonograph, they drip out and is bought by William Paley |
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Term
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Definition
| Buys CBS after Columbia drip out..."tiffany network" |
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Term
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Definition
| invented FM radio in 1933 |
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Term
| provisions of radio act of 1912 |
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Definition
set frequency and hours of operation
had to issue license on application |
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Term
| state of regulation and radio waves for broadcasting after KDKA |
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Definition
| chaos; more stations than frequencies. some stations ignored rules & some functioned with bad equipment |
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Term
| provisions of radio act of 1927 |
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Definition
started federal radio commission (5 commissioners)
- no one owns frequencies
- no cencorship allowed by gov't |
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Term
| provisions of communications act of 1934 |
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Definition
| federal communication commission (5 commissioners) |
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Term
| types of programs that were broadcast on radio |
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Definition
| big bands, Amos & Andy, comedies, dramas, sitcoms |
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Term
| wireless ship act of 1910 |
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Definition
| first radio law. BUT, didn't specify number of hours wireless operators had to stay at post per day |
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Term
| radio's programming response to tv's popularity and growth in 1960s |
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Definition
1. became fragmented
2. transistor radio becomes more portable
3. turned to specialized audiences
4. brough radio & record industry closer
5. became more dependent on local revenue |
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Term
| role of FCC in development of FM |
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Definition
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Term
| deregulation of broadcast owndership limits in 1980s - current |
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Definition
| allowed big media conglomerates to grow by eating up smaller media groups |
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Term
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Definition
| developed the inoscope, used to make RCA tv |
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Term
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Definition
| developed image dissector camera, used to create RCA tv |
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Term
| Role of RCA's electronic research laboratory |
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Definition
used inoscope and image dissector camera to creat TV...
1st experimental TV station - W2XF (1936) |
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Term
| formation of NTSC standard |
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Definition
| national tv standard committee: adopts picture format in 1941 (Black & White) |
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Term
| TV freezes during and after WWII |
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Definition
| TV was catching on and there wasn't enough frequencies to hand out more licenses. |
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Term
| 6th report and order and channel-allotment plan |
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Definition
| opened up the UHF band (ultra high frequency) |
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Term
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Definition
| contestants of several popular quiz shows secretly given assistance by show's producers to arrange outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, treason without proper regard for evidence (during Red Scare - communism) |
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Term
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Definition
commercial bribe, illegal...
disrupted tv growth |
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Term
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Definition
channels 2-13: VHF
channels 14 & up: UHF |
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Term
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Definition
goes bankrupt in 1958
killed by restrictions put in place by FCC |
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Term
| electronic news gathering |
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Definition
| lightweight, less combersome equipment |
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Term
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Definition
prime time access rule...
hour for local stations to talk about local happenings |
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Term
| Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) |
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Definition
| focused on educational needs of children to adults |
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Term
| development of new TV broadcast networks |
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Definition
indies/news networks
- fox (1987)
- UPN (1995), WB (1995)
- CW replaces UPN & WB (2006)
- MyNetworkTV (2006 - syndication)
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Term
| effects of satellites, cable tv & vcr development on broadcast revenue, advertising and programming |
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Definition
| became fragmented with increased competition because of cable |
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Term
| role of mergers & acquisitions/consolidation in 1980s - current |
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Definition
| caused all major TV networks to change hands (AOL/Time Warner, Comcast/AT&T Broadband, etc.) |
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Term
| CATV's origination and initial uses |
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Definition
oregon, pennsylvania...
antena wires connecting homes in rural areas so they could watch tv |
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Term
| role of satellites in developing pay channels (HBO), cable networks (CNN) and super stations (WTBS) |
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Definition
| signal distribution made it possible to distribute programming to local cable franchizes ... HBO |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| deregulatory provisions contained within the cable act of 1984 |
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Definition
| reduced FCC control over cable and made local community major force in cable regulation |
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Term
| why did cable growth surge in late 70's & 80's |
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Definition
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Term
| rise of competition from TVRO and DBS |
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Definition
innitial dishes (TVRO) & smaller more practical dishes (DBS)
DBS became the dominant form |
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Term
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Definition
VCR (betamax), DVD (netflix, rental stores), DVR, Video-on-demand
home taping didn't violate copyright law |
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Term
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Definition
was an early warning radar system
modems & video display terminals because of project |
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Term
| concept of packet switching |
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Definition
used to make computer networks less susceptable to attack
provided for small data packets to be sent over distributed communications networks |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st form of internet... designed to build first interactive computer network (operational in 1969) |
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Term
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Definition
| extended use of network system to many university researchers |
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Term
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Definition
| replaced ARPANET... linked supercomputer centers across US together (had 30x more bandwidth) |
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Term
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Definition
| develops email in 1970s (by accident!) |
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Term
| ISPs (internet service providers) |
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Definition
| allowed everybody to connect to a network |
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Term
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Definition
| in 1989, develops idea of using graphical interface for retrieving info on network databases |
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Term
| URL (uniform resource locator) |
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Definition
| concept developed by Tim Berners-Lee, used to locate info on network and send back to person requesting that info (WWW) |
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Term
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Definition
| developed Mosaic, Netscape Navigator (1993) |
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Term
| although deForest like to claim credit for the first radio broadcast of voice and music, who made the first known broadcast of voice and music on dec 24th, 1906? |
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Definition
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Term
| during his young years, who set out to discover exactly how the audion tube worked? |
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Definition
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Term
| who was the individual that invented FM radio? |
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Definition
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Term
| what did armstrong do after having his idea for fm radio turned down by sarnoff? |
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Definition
| he built his own radio tower and begun broadcasting and licensing companies to make FM receivers |
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Term
| after sarnoff belatedly offered $1,000,000.00 for the rights to the FM system, what did armstrong do? |
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Definition
| he refused the offer and built his own network, the yankee network. |
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Term
| what did sarnoff do after the FCC decided the audio band for tv would be carried by FM waves? |
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Definition
| he (rca) refused to pay royalties and lobbied the fcc to change FM's frequency, making obsolete every one of the radios armstrong had licensed |
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Term
| when and where did sarnoff announce the existence & development of tv? |
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Definition
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Term
| what eventually happened as a result of sarnoff encouraging other electronics manufacturers to ignore armstrong's patents for fm radio? |
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Definition
| armstrong had to sell most of his RCA shares and nearly went bankrupt |
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Term
| did armstrong's problems, caused by sarnoff, affect his personal life? |
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Definition
| his health deteriorated and became estranged with his wife. he later committed suicide |
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Term
| who possessed a knack for looking over another's shoulder, taking what had been developed, added something to it then claim to have developed a completely new revolutionary electronic device? |
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Definition
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Term
| at 14, who provided a design for tv on a school blackboard? |
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Definition
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Term
| which inventor won the early patent battle concerning tv and how did they respond to rca's request to buy the rights to the patents? |
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Definition
farnsworth
he held his ground and wanted continuous royalties |
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Term
| what decade did sarnoff believe tv would be in most people's homes? why didn't the launch of tv happen under his timeline? |
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Definition
1. the 1930s
2. there was no way to reliably send the signal by broadcast and no public demand |
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Term
| who led the CBS network to great success though his programming ability? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of problem did early tv actors experience in the studio/on set? |
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Definition
| they had to wear green and purple makeup and the temperatures from the hot lights soared |
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Term
| which network had their standard approved initially by the fcc? why was the standard eventually changed? which company eventually was granted the standards for color tv? |
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Definition
1. CBS had their standard initially approved
2. standard was changed b/c color sets were incompatible with black & white sets
3. RCA was granted the standard for color TV |
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Term
| early formation of radio networks and why telephone group had a technological advantage over the radio group. |
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Definition
already had wires installed,
didn't have to worry about interference etc. |
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Term
| telephone group and toll broadcasting |
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Definition
| before commercial radio relied on direct support |
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Term
| radio group and indirect support |
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Definition
| used commercial advertising |
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Term
| effect of zenith decision |
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Definition
| created great boom in broadcasting industry; had to hand out licenses to anyone who applied. |
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Term
| FCC regulation in the 1960s concerning cable system importation of distant program signals |
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Definition
- Local communities, states and the FCC were to regulate cable
- New systems would have a minimum of 20 channels
- There would be carriage of all local stations
- There would be regulations on importing distant signals
- Pay cable services would be approved
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