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| Process in which one strain is bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria. |
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| Virus that infects bacteria. |
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| Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. |
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| Principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine. |
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| Granular material visible within the nucleus: consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins. |
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| Chemical released by activated mast cells that increases the flow of blood and fluids to the surrounding area. |
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| Before a cell divides it duplicates its DNA in a copying process. |
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| Enzyme involved in DNA that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule. |
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| Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait. |
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| RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into protiens from DNA to the rest or the cell. |
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| Type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes. |
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| Made up of several dozen proteins, as well as a form of RNA. |
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| Process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence. |
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| Region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA. |
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| DNA of eukaryotic genes contains sequences of nucleotides. |
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| The DNA sequences that code for protein. |
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| Three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid. |
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| The decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein) |
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| Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon. |
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| Now and than cells make mistakes n copying their won DNA, inserting an incorrect bases of even skipping a base as the new strand is put together. |
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| Gene mutations involving changes in on or a few nucleotides. |
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| Mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide. |
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| Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes. |
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| Group of genes operate together. |
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| Region of chromosome in an operon th which the repressor binds when the operon is "turned off. " |
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| Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function. |
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| Series of genes that controls the differentiation of cells and tissues in and embryo. |
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