1. Christ of Faith: devotional way

2. Jesus of History: scholarly/academic way 

Matthew, Mark, Luke

John  

90% of mark is in matthew

60% of mark is in luke 

ascetic

deprived himself of certain things 

1. Kingdom of God (there will be perfect rule on earth, restored garden of eden)

2. Relationship with God  

3. Ethical obligations 

4. Love Commandments 

-Love lord God with the totality of one's being

-Love one's neighbor as you love thyself

1. General/universal atonement: died for all people's sins even those who didn't follow him

2. Liminted atonement: died for sins of only the "elect"

3. Substitutionary atonement: died in place of everyone else on the earth

4. Moral atonement: people come to god through the ex. that was set by Jesus. his death is the moral ex. of how people should live their lives.  

1. Jewish sect to Gentile Religion

2. Persecuted Sect to State Religion

3. Creeds, Counsels, and Cannonization

4. Greater Institutionalization

5. Early African Christianity

1. didn't recognized roman gods  2. met in secret and used candles 3. spoke of eating Jesus' body and drinking his blood 4. didn't worship a nature based god 5. wouldn't sacrifice to roman king 6. didn't participate in several roman holidays 7. community was spread out and had no center or base 8. wouldn't participate in war and were pacifists

"Defenders of the Faith"

people feared what they didnt understand so apologists wrote about christianty, people began to understand

dying for one's faith

christians who were used to be seen as cowards started to be seen as brave 

Roman emporer that changed the view on christianity

passed the edict of milan  

1. Rome

2. Antioch

3. Jerusalem

4. Alexandria

5. Constantinople 

Made to combat Gnosticism because it stated that Jesus was born from Mary and Mary was born from man

they establish Jesus' humanity 

comes from gnosis (knowledge) which believed that they had a secret knowledge

believed that jesus was all spirit and not a physical body therefore he could not die on the cross and rise back up  

out of the council in nicea when the trinity was discussed

fought vs. the beliefs of arias who believed the trinity was not equal

and thus establishes the equality of the father, son and the holy spirit 

Formula of Chalcedon/Council of Christology 

discussed how to fit the 1st 2 creeds together

Jesus is one person in one body

he is fully human and fully divine 

means "one" nature

believed that Jesus only had one nature- a divine soul with a physical body 

first movement to put together a bible

they only wanted the gospel of luke and the letters of paul... people rejected what he wanted, but agreed with the idea 

debate on the new testament books

old testament was canonized and paul's letters were agreed on

all 4 gospels were agreed on

book of revelation was cannonized, but was tough decision

1. must be consistent with overall views of the church

2. had to be connected to an apostle

 3. must have long contained use with the church

started by Anthony of Egypt

temptations of society too much to handle, so want to live a total spiritual life. moves to the desert by himself

people began to follow his lead 

1st monastic group started by Pachomias

"why don't we all just be alone together?"

then Pachomias' sister, Mary,  gets the idea to have an all female monastic group... a convent 

they grow food for themselves, grow too much, so give to others... take in orphans as charity 

Augustine of Hippo- believed in Manichaeism, has vision, converts to christianity

writes 2 books: confessions and City of God (city of god v. city of man- social, comes and goes)

contributes: soteriology, idea of being saved, idea of original sin, idea of predestination, and idea that there will always be temptation  

Single: God's grace will guide you for the rest of your life when you have your conversion moment

double: calvanists still have free will so that we could truly love god and choose to love god

1. Baptism

2. Confirmation

3. Eucharist (communion)

4. Penance

5. Anointing the sick

6. Ordination

7. Marriage 

thought coming out of the Medievel Universities

-any education included the education of the church

arch bishop of canterbury

"I believe so that I may understand"

known for his ontological argument that explains the existence of god

Domincan monk that teaches at a university

an aristotle believer

defines God as the "unmoved mover"

5 proofs... 5th proof is teleological proof 

    1. Protestant Reformation (emphasized doctrine change and a change in the organization of the church's structure)

2. Catholic Reformation (moral and ethical changes that occur within the catholic church itself)

1. Lutheran (Martin Luther)

2. Reform/Calvanist (John Calvin)

3. Anabaptists (Menno Simmons)

4. Anglican (Thomas Cranmer and Queen Elizabeth I of England)  

mortal sin: sends you straight to hell

Venial sin: sins that you must pay off in hell before entering into heaven 

what martin luther nailed to the door of a catholic church in germany

it was a list of all the things that he had a problem with that occurred in the church  

Catholic/Counterreformation Movement 

council led by the pope and his bishops

want discipline in the church, but also want to reinforce tradiation and scripture as the supreme authority

declare protestants as heretics

an expression that is used and is a prime example of the protestant anti-catholic rhetoric

derived from that expression by people that did not know Latin and were making fun of Catholics 

mystic

carmelite order of nuns

she "marries" jesus and recieves a ring

writes down mystical experiences

used as propaganda by the Catholic Church 

also known as Jesuits

founded by Inigo de Loyola

began by the approval of the pope

founded based on 3 principles:

1. spiritual disciple (actual spiritual exercises)

2. education (sets up schools)

3. Missionary expansion (they go out and convert people)

comes up with idea of papal infallibility (pope is guided by the holy spirit- whatever he does is infallibale)

period of the great revival in new england

Johnathan Edwards started this

Calvanists joined, then methodists, and then baptists 

Church of Jesus Christ and the Latter Day Saints

Seventh Day Adventists

Jehovah's Witnesses 

founded by Joseph Smith, dies then Brigham Young

Indians visit Jesus

Salt Lake City, Utah

largest branch of Christianity largely due to large amounts of missionary work 

type of millennialism

founded by William Miller

waiting for end of days

believes in "habits" of the Jews 

a form of millennialism

founded by Charles Taze Russell

more open to change

believe in anthropocentric view

view bible as more symbolic than literal 

more traditional

have theopocentric view: based on strict theology and following the laws

view bible as work that should be taken literally not symbolically 

idea that people should use Christianity to help underprivileged groups

ex. ghandi 

starts Christian Broadcast Network

show called 700 club

starts the Christian Coalition

starts TV show called Old Time Gospel Hour

becomes one of 1st tele-evangicals

starts group called Moral Majority which was disbanded but reformed as Faith and Values Coalition