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Rothacker REL1001
exam 2
89
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
12/09/2007

Additional Religious Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Christianity is a...
Definition
trinitarian monotheism
Term
2 ways to view Jesus
Definition

1. Christ of Faith: devotional way

 

2. Jesus of History: scholarly/academic way 

Term
doctrine of incarnation
Definition
notion that jesus is god in the flesh
Term
Christology
Definition
science or study of the nature of Jesus as the Christ
Term
Name the Synoptic Gospels and the Johanine gospel
Definition

Matthew, Mark, Luke

 

John  

Term
What are the earliest writings in the Bible?
Definition
Paul... although he did not know Jesus personally
Term
What is the earliest gospel?
Definition
Mark
Term
Name the percentage of the gospels found in other gospels
Definition

90% of mark is in matthew

 

60% of mark is in luke 

Term
What language did Jesus speak?
Definition
Aramaic (form of Hebrew)
Term
John the Baptist was a(n)...
Definition

ascetic

 

deprived himself of certain things 

Term
Jesus' ministry can be described as ______ because
Definition
itenerant: moves place to place and gives sermons to any group of people that will listen
Term
4 main messages in Jesus' speeches/sermons
Definition

1. Kingdom of God (there will be perfect rule on earth, restored garden of eden)

2. Relationship with God  

3. Ethical obligations 

4. Love Commandments 

-Love lord God with the totality of one's being

-Love one's neighbor as you love thyself

  

Term
What day did Jesus die on the cross and how many days later did he arise?
Definition
Friday and arose 3 days later on Sunday
Term
4 ways to interpret atonement
Definition

1. General/universal atonement: died for all people's sins even those who didn't follow him

2. Liminted atonement: died for sins of only the "elect"

3. Substitutionary atonement: died in place of everyone else on the earth

4. Moral atonement: people come to god through the ex. that was set by Jesus. his death is the moral ex. of how people should live their lives.  

Term
Name the 5 time periods in the first 500 years of Christianity
Definition

1. Jewish sect to Gentile Religion

2. Persecuted Sect to State Religion

3. Creeds, Counsels, and Cannonization

4. Greater Institutionalization

5. Early African Christianity

Term
Justification by Faith
Definition
Paul's (Saul) idea that people are only saved by their faith and not by just following the works of the law
Term
8 Reasons why Romans were threatened by Christians
Definition

1. didn't recognized roman gods  2. met in secret and used candles 3. spoke of eating Jesus' body and drinking his blood 4. didn't worship a nature based god 5. wouldn't sacrifice to roman king 6. didn't participate in several roman holidays 7. community was spread out and had no center or base 8. wouldn't participate in war and were pacifists

Term
Name the Roman emporer that killed the most Christians
Definition
Diocletian
Term
Apologists
Definition

"Defenders of the Faith"

 

people feared what they didnt understand so apologists wrote about christianty, people began to understand

 

Term
Martyrs
Definition

dying for one's faith

 

christians who were used to be seen as cowards started to be seen as brave 

Term
Constantine
Definition

Roman emporer that changed the view on christianity

 

passed the edict of milan  

Term
edict of milan
Definition
outlawed the persecution of christians
Term
Name the 1st 2 countries to make Christianity their state religion
Definition
Armenia and Ethiopia
Term
What emporer made Christianity the state religion of the Roman Empire?
Definition
Emperor Julian... this was the biggest victory for Christianity
Term
creed
Definition
statement of belief that is critical to one's faith
Term
Council
Definition
meeting of religious leaders to make decisions about the faith
Term
Name the locations of the 5 centers for Christianity
Definition

1. Rome

2. Antioch

3. Jerusalem

4. Alexandria

5. Constantinople 

Term
Apostles Creed
Definition

Made to combat Gnosticism because it stated that Jesus was born from Mary and Mary was born from man

 

they establish Jesus' humanity 

Term
Gnosticisim
Definition

comes from gnosis (knowledge) which believed that they had a secret knowledge

 

believed that jesus was all spirit and not a physical body therefore he could not die on the cross and rise back up  

Term
Nicene/Constantinopolitan Creed
Definition

out of the council in nicea when the trinity was discussed

 

fought vs. the beliefs of arias who believed the trinity was not equal

 

and thus establishes the equality of the father, son and the holy spirit 

Term

Formula of Chalcedon/Council of Christology 

Definition

discussed how to fit the 1st 2 creeds together

 

Jesus is one person in one body

 

he is fully human and fully divine 

 

 

Term
Nestorians
Definition
believed that Jesus was 2 separate perons in one body
Term
menophysites
Definition

means "one" nature

 

believed that Jesus only had one nature- a divine soul with a physical body 

Term
Marcion
Definition

first movement to put together a bible

 

they only wanted the gospel of luke and the letters of paul... people rejected what he wanted, but agreed with the idea 

Term
Moratorian Canon
Definition
the first closed canon
Term
Council of Carthage
Definition

debate on the new testament books

 

old testament was canonized and paul's letters were agreed on

 

all 4 gospels were agreed on

 

book of revelation was cannonized, but was tough decision

 

 

Term
3 criteria for canonization
Definition

1. must be consistent with overall views of the church

2. had to be connected to an apostle

 3. must have long contained use with the church

Term
apostilic succession
Definition
individual church can trace back its teachings and ordination to an apostle (the 12 disciples and paul)
Term
Monasticism
Definition

started by Anthony of Egypt

 

temptations of society too much to handle, so want to live a total spiritual life. moves to the desert by himself

 

people began to follow his lead 

Term
desert fathers
Definition

1st monastic group started by Pachomias

 

"why don't we all just be alone together?"

 

then Pachomias' sister, Mary,  gets the idea to have an all female monastic group... a convent 

 

they grow food for themselves, grow too much, so give to others... take in orphans as charity 

Term
monastaries
Definition
places where people go to be alone
Term
Who was the 3rd most important figure in Christianity after Jesus and Paul?? And why was he so important?
Definition

Augustine of Hippo- believed in Manichaeism, has vision, converts to christianity

 

writes 2 books: confessions and City of God (city of god v. city of man- social, comes and goes)

 

contributes: soteriology, idea of being saved, idea of original sin, idea of predestination, and idea that there will always be temptation  

Term
soteriology
Definition
science/study of salvation
Term
original sin
Definition
idea that all humans inherit the sins of adam and eve when they are born
Term
Single Predestination v. Double Predestination
Definition

Single: God's grace will guide you for the rest of your life when you have your conversion moment

 

double: calvanists still have free will so that we could truly love god and choose to love god

 

 

Term
Sacraments
Definition
rituals in the church through which god's grace is transmitted to the faithful
Term
Donatists
Definition
North African Christians that thought if a priest denounced his faith then all sacraments he performed would become null and void
Term
Name the 7 sacraments (used to be 30)
Definition

1. Baptism

2. Confirmation

3. Eucharist (communion)

4. Penance

5. Anointing the sick

6. Ordination

7. Marriage 

Term
Protestants reduce the # of sacraments down to how many and what are they?
Definition
2 and baptism and communion (eucharist)
Term
involved papacy
Definition
idea that bishop of rome should be the father of the church
Term
Uniate Churches
Definition
churches in the east areas that still look towards the romans as leaders
Term
Scholasticism
Definition

thought coming out of the Medievel Universities

 

-any education included the education of the church

Term
Who is Anseim of Canterbury? and what is he known for?
Definition

arch bishop of canterbury

 

"I believe so that I may understand"

 

known for his ontological argument that explains the existence of god

 

 

Term
ontology
Definition
science/study of something's being
Term
Who is Thomas Aquinas?
Definition

Domincan monk that teaches at a university

 

an aristotle believer

 

defines God as the "unmoved mover"

 

5 proofs... 5th proof is teleological proof 

Term
teleology
Definition
science/study of the purpose of something
Term
transubstantiation
Definition
idea that bread and wine literally transform into the body and blood of Jesus
Term
Name the two periods of reformation
Definition

    1. Protestant Reformation (emphasized doctrine change and a change in the organization of the church's structure)

2. Catholic Reformation (moral and ethical changes that occur within the catholic church itself)

 

 

Term
4 movements within the Protestant reformation
Definition

1. Lutheran (Martin Luther)

2. Reform/Calvanist (John Calvin)

3. Anabaptists (Menno Simmons)

4. Anglican (Thomas Cranmer and Queen Elizabeth I of England)  

Term
Indulgences
Definition
release from time in purgatory
Term
2 types of sin
Definition

mortal sin: sends you straight to hell

 

Venial sin: sins that you must pay off in hell before entering into heaven 

Term
95 theses
Definition

what martin luther nailed to the door of a catholic church in germany

 

it was a list of all the things that he had a problem with that occurred in the church  

Term
The Catholic Church only believed in what bible up until the 1960s
Definition
The Vulgate which was written in Latin
Term
The puritans that came to America were of what religious sect?
Definition
Calvanism
Term
Anabaptists are known as...
Definition
mennonites and amish
Term
Anglicans in America are called...
Definition
The Episcopal Church
Term

Catholic/Counterreformation Movement 

Definition
Catholic church wants to clean upmoral abuses within the catholic church
Term
Council of Trent
Definition

council led by the pope and his bishops

 

want discipline in the church, but also want to reinforce tradiation and scripture as the supreme authority

 

declare protestants as heretics

 

 

Term
"Hocus Pocus"
Definition

an expression that is used and is a prime example of the protestant anti-catholic rhetoric

 

derived from that expression by people that did not know Latin and were making fun of Catholics 

Term
Teresea of Avila
Definition

mystic

carmelite order of nuns

she "marries" jesus and recieves a ring

writes down mystical experiences

used as propaganda by the Catholic Church 

Term
Society of Jesus
Definition

also known as Jesuits

founded by Inigo de Loyola

began by the approval of the pope

founded based on 3 principles:

1. spiritual disciple (actual spiritual exercises)

2. education (sets up schools)

3. Missionary expansion (they go out and convert people)

 

Term
Vatican Council I
Definition

comes up with idea of papal infallibility (pope is guided by the holy spirit- whatever he does is infallibale)

 

 

Term
Vatican Council II
Definition
revamps the catholic church in many ways
Term
Pluralism
Definition
acknowledgement that differences are good for society because they keep society healthy
Term
Revivalism
Definition
the use of revival or meetings for instant conversions
Term
The Great Awakening
Definition

period of the great revival in new england

 

Johnathan Edwards started this

 

Calvanists joined, then methodists, and then baptists 

Term
Evangelicalism
Definition
a broad description of different protestant groups that emphasize scripture on a daily basis
Term
3 denominations started in America
Definition

Church of Jesus Christ and the Latter Day Saints

 

Seventh Day Adventists

 

Jehovah's Witnesses 

Term
Mormonism
Definition

founded by Joseph Smith, dies then Brigham Young

 

Indians visit Jesus

 

Salt Lake City, Utah

 

largest branch of Christianity largely due to large amounts of missionary work 

Term
Seventh Day Adventists
Definition

type of millennialism

 

founded by William Miller

 

waiting for end of days

 

believes in "habits" of the Jews 

Term
Jehovah's Witnesses
Definition

a form of millennialism

 

founded by Charles Taze Russell

 

 

Term
anthropocentric view
Definition
we can enhance humanity whether it is in the bible or not
Term
Christian Liberals
Definition

more open to change

 

believe in anthropocentric view

 

view bible as more symbolic than literal 

Term
Conservative Christians
Definition

more traditional

 

have theopocentric view: based on strict theology and following the laws

 

view bible as work that should be taken literally not symbolically 

Term
Liberation Theology
Definition

idea that people should use Christianity to help underprivileged groups

 

ex. ghandi 

Term
Pat Robertson
Definition

starts Christian Broadcast Network

 

show called 700 club

 

starts the Christian Coalition

 

 

Term
Jerry Falwell
Definition

starts TV show called Old Time Gospel Hour

 

becomes one of 1st tele-evangicals

 

starts group called Moral Majority which was disbanded but reformed as Faith and Values Coalition  

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