Term
| Three drugs that can reduce seizure threshold. |
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Definition
| Theopheylline, TSA's, and some Phenothiazines. Thopheylline is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor used to treat asthma. |
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Term
| Three causes BESIDES drugs that can reduce seizure threshold. |
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Definition
| Hyperglycemia, uremia, eclampsia. |
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Term
| What type of seizure begins in both hemispheres? What is this type of seizure's subdivisions? |
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Definition
| Generalized seizures begin in BOTH hemispheres. You can then have Convulsive (Clonic & Tonic Clonic) and Non-convulsive (Petit Mal, Myoclonic, Atonic) |
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Term
| Valproate and Ethosuximide are use for... |
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Definition
| treatment of absence seizures. Recall that these are Non-convulsize Generalized seizures. |
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Term
| What are type of seizures where consciousness is not impaired? |
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Definition
| Simple Partial. Also Myoclonic for the most part and Tonic seizures, which occur while you sleep. |
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Term
| Which area of the brain has seizure activity associated with schizophrenia and depression? |
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Definition
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Term
| DOC for Status Epilepticus |
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Definition
| Benzos (Benzodiazapine or clonazepam) |
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Term
| You have a 4 year old child who suffers from seizures which occur mostly at night. He has lately been experiencing behavioral problems and is also slowing down in his mental development. The seizures appear to be tonic and myoclonic in nature. What do you suspect he is suffering from? |
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Definition
| Lennox-Gestaut Syndrome (LGS) |
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Term
| Describe the mechanism of GABA inhibition on a neuron. |
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Definition
| When GABA bind to the receptor the Cl channel opens thus hyperpolarizing the neuron. This makes it more difficult to depolarize when a stimulatory signal comes along. This is why anti-seizure drugs either increaes GABA or opens the Cl channel. |
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Term
| Describe the physical properties of the GABA receptor and which drugs bind where. Hint, the next slide is a picture, so don't go nuts here. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name a anti-epileptic drug drug that is structurally related to Imipramine. Why do we care about this? |
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Definition
| Carbamazepine is structurally related to Imipramine a TCA. This is important because TCAs interfere with cardiac conduction, vis-a-vis, Carbamazepine. |
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Term
| Ok Bob, for $800, This anti-epileptic drug is known to be the safest for pregnant woman and is a CP450 inducer. |
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Definition
| Carbamazepine. Sorry...What is Carbamazepine? |
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Term
| Two interesting side-effects of Carbamazepine are |
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Definition
| Diplopia and ataxia. Also short term memory decline. Recall that GABA reduces memory consolidation. AAAND finally, this drug can cause conduction disturbances in the heart. |
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Term
| What are some drugs that can inhibit the metabolism of Carbamazepine? |
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Definition
| erythromycin, verapamil, fluoxetine |
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Term
| The best broad activity anti-epileptic drug available. So if your stuck on a test, this is the anti-epileptic drug you default to. |
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Definition
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Term
| Liver damage, fine hand tremor, weight gain and hair loss are all adverse effects of what drug? |
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Definition
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Term
| A drug that is highly protein bound and experiences displacement in the presence of salicilates. |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug is the only anti-epileptic that is a CP-450 inhibitor. Hint - it is also highly tetrogenic during the first trimester only. |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug is a Na channel blocker and thus is also an antiarrithmic drug. |
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Definition
| Phenytoin. Recall that it induces CP450 |
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Term
| This drug has many adverse effects including Fetal hydantoin syndrome, gingival hyperplasia, hirsuitism and abnormal Vitamin D and folate metabolism. |
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Definition
| Penytoin. Recall that this drug induces CP-450 |
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Term
| This drug is a P450 inducer and is displaced from serum albumin by Vaproate et. al. |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug is as effective as Valproate but is preferential when dealing with younger children in the treatment of absence seizures. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blocks T-type Ca-channels in thalamic neurons. |
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Definition
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Term
| Non-sedative antiepileptic drugs that work by binding to the GABA receptor to prolong Cl- channel opening. |
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Definition
| Phenobarbital and Primidone. |
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Term
| Normally known to produce a slightly sedative effect, 40% of patients actually experience hyperactivity and insomnia when taking these drugs. |
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Definition
| Phenobarbital and Primidone |
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Term
| Phenytoin, Carbamazepine and Phenobarbital and Primidone all have this in common. |
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Definition
| They induce Cytochrome P450 liver enzymes. |
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Term
| This prodrug is converted to Phenobarbital and Phenylethylmalonamide, thus making its effects STRONGER than phenobarbital. |
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Definition
| Primidone. Recall that it can cause osteomalacia. |
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Term
| Benzos such as Diazepam and Clonazepam can build what type of tolerance? |
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Definition
| Patient will develop a tolerance against the anti-epileptic properties of the drug. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| This drug is an anti-epileptic that is a structural GABA analog but has been recently used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug is used in partial seizures, increases GABA levels, and blocks the release of EAAs such as glutamate. |
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Definition
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Term
| This anti-seizure drug actually makes absence and myoclonic seizures WORSE! |
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Definition
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Term
| Used as monotherapy for epilepsy AND Tourettes by binding to SV2A receptors on vessicles to impede synaptic nerve conduction. |
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Definition
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Term
| Out of Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital and Valproate, which one is a P450 inhibitor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Three anti-epileptic drugs that also control bipoloar disorder and other mood disorders. |
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Definition
| Valproate, Gabapentin, Carbamazepine. Very Good and Calm |
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Term
| Seizures due to alcoholism are treated with... |
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Definition
| NOT AEDs!! The Alcohol issue must be solved first. |
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Term
| Two AED's that are tetrogenic. |
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Definition
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Term
| A child is born with Vitamin K clotting factor deficiency. A Vitamin K injection is administered immediately. What three drugs could have caused this effect? |
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Definition
| Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, or Primidone. |
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Term
| Are AED's secreted in breast milk? |
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Definition
| Yup. The baby will be lethargic. |
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Term
| Phenobarbital, Carbamazepine, and Phenytoin are all used to treat... |
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Definition
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Term
| What "Over the Counter" drug can decrease phenytoin efficacy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why would the use a Phenytoin have a tendency to "surprise" a young couple? |
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Definition
| It can decrease oral contraceptive efficacy. |
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Term
| Gabapentin and Lemotragine are both used in the treatment of... |
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Definition
| complex partial seizures. |
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Term
| What type of seizure does NOT impair consciousness? |
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Definition
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Term
| Your patient is a very hair woman being treated for seizures. You don't even need to look at the chart to know that she is on... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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