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A. War over the purple dye that the Phoenicians could create from boiling shellfish. It was very rare, and gave the Phoenicians a huge profit
B. The flash point was Messana on the island of Sicily. One side of the city asked Rome for help and one side asked Carthage for help. Carthage was dominant in the sea but Rome was dominant on land. Carthage had a very developed navy because it was a trading civilization and had to keep its trade routes open. Everyone spent time in the navy, and their architects were the best in the world. They created the Quinquireeme, or a formation that allowed five rows of rowers on one ship. The rowers would chew on leaves of marijuana to ease the pain due to such high strain put upon them. Each ship would have about 300 people for rowing.
C. In order to counter the Carthaginian navy, the Romans copied their ships and added a Corvus, or a Raven’s Beak. This was a metal beak that would latch onto other ships, effectively turning a naval battle into a land battle. The beak would hook onto another ship, allowing Roman soldiers to board the other ship and take it over.
D. The Carthaginians were very afraid of an invasion from the Romans, so they sacrificed 600 children under the age of three (From the upper class) to their god Ball Hammon by throwing them into the fire. Sparta sent the Carthaginians one general for help by the name of Xanthippus of Lacedaemon. Xanthippus reformed the Carthaginian army, and they defeated the Roman general Regulus, but the Romans won the war in the end, and gained control of Sicily. |
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Hamilcar of the Barca Clan brought his son Hannibal to the Temple of Milgart in Cartage and had him place his hand on the temple wall and swear that he would always oppose the Romans. At this time Carthage had a Spanish empire, which gave them grain, silver and tin. Hannibal was going to invade Rome, and on his way there went through Spain. He gathered about half of his army in Rome, he was there for 16 years, and picked up about half of his army from Rome. The one half were Celts(tribesmen) so weren’t heavily trained. He lost about 23,000 men going over the Alps, but he killed 170,000 Romans in three battles (losing only 1/10 of that himself). At the battle of Cannae, there were 80,000 Romans at the beginning of the day, and by then end Hannibal had killed 50,000 and 30,000 had surrendered. The Romans then waited out the Carthaginians in their walled cities, and Hannibal couldn’t get in because he had no siege equipment. He used a Fabian Strategy of harassment and then running away. He expected the states within Rome to rise up and try to revolt against the main government, but since they didn’t, he couldn’t win the war.
A. War in Africa. Publius Cornelius Scipio (Later Scipio Africanus, the Roman senate changed his name) was a Roman general who had two legions stationed at Utica (a city near Carthage) while Hannibal was still in Rome. Hannibal returns with about 15,000 troops and at the Battle of Zama, the Romans finally learn how to deal with African strategy such as battle elephants. They defeated the Carthaginians, and the peace terms were that Carthage had to pay Rome 1,200 talents(50 pounds) of silver over fifty years, they had to surrender Spain to Rome, and they had to destroy all of their war ships except ten.
B. Rome left Hannibal in charge as a Suffete (Magistrate) because they respected him. While in this office, he made reforms by creating an income-based tax structure, reestablishing the trade routes, paying the indemnity in 40 years, which led to the Romans becoming afraid that the Carthaginians would re-arm. They then accused Hannibal falsely, and he fled. Right before they caught up to him, he proceeded to kill himself. |
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Cato the Censor, of Rome, was elected to the Senate. He was a dangerous fanatic who had many personal hatreds and shortcomings. He ended every speech of his with, “Carthago delenda est,” or Carthage must be destroyed. He was cloaked in the nostalgia of the old Roman virtues as he interpreted them. He offered Carthage peace if they moved their city inland ten miles, but then they would be in a desert. Rome performed a three year siege of Carthage, ending in six days of street fighting in which the Carthaginians were completely wiped out.
A. Then the Romans proceeded to conquer Iberia(the Iberian peninsula)(Spain) This was difficult because the terrain was mountainous and every tribe p[resented a new war.
B. A shepard/leader of a tribe named Viriatus, trapped a Roman army of 50,000 in a valley and would not let them go until he was offered a treaty that Rome would respect his tribes borders and rights. Rome agreed, but just waited about a year until assassinating Viriatus and defeating his tribe. |
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mercenaries-begin to fill the ranks of the army
gap between rich and poor-became to wide and the economy
power struggles with regard to the people
weak rulers- they had a succession of emperors that were really dm witted
moral decline
genseric/vandal (person)
Alaric/ Goth(comes to the gates of rome with army) |
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ceasar could not expand his army
rubicon- ceasar will cross the rubicon river with his army
Caesar will win out
4yrs civil |
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| (comes to the gates of rome with army) |
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took their military with them, Rome needed a military to protect these valuable assets:
a. Tiber River Crossing: Bridge built across the Tiber River, let Rome tax anyone who crossed it, was a big part of the Roman economy
b. Salt mines: Rome had lots of them, salt was a main form of currency at the time |
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| major Etruscan town to the north of Rome, and they wanted half of the Tiber River Crossing. The Romans proceed to sack the city of Veii, killing all the men and boys, and selling the women and girls into slavery. They then sent 1/10 of the loot to the Oracle of Delphi as a religious offering. |
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| went to adventine hill and formed there own government |
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| legend of Romulus and remus |
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one of the great myths of rome
wolf-symbol of nature and nourishing of the 2 brothers |
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| author of the rape of the sabine women |
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| the eight towns to the south of rome |
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| a roman ambassador and in his rage he kills a gual ambassador |
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2 consuls
senate comtia Genturita
tribunes
concilium plebis tribute
aealies |
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temple of ceres-their offices; also archives
supervise
streets, market, water supply
prosecute
fraud
usury |
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| a law that legitimizes the plebian government |
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5yr.
tax collectors asses military service
as the ses suitability of senators |
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originally 8
administered justice
praetor urbanus-the guy that proved the games |
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was a very dangerous fanactic in rome
endedevery speech I carthage must be destroyed |
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| will sacrifice 600 children under 3 years of age although most are under 1 years old. he threw them into the fire |
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| sent to carthage to get the military into good shape |
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