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Romantic Period
Flashcards based on Roger Kamien's Music: An Appreciation textbook
81
Music
Undergraduate 1
11/13/2013

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Term
Romantic artists often depicted scenes of
Definition
Extreme violence and suffering
Term
Many romantic composers created unique music that reflected their _________________
Definition
Personalities
Term
Nationalism
Definition
When composers deliberately created music with specific national identity, using folk songs, dances, legends, and histories, it was known as
Term
Exoticism
Definition
When composers wrote music based on foreign lands and cultures
Term
Program music
Definition
Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene
Term
Program
Definition
Specifies the nonmusical element via a title or explanatory comments
Term
Chromatic harmony
Definition
Uses chords containing tones not found in the prevailing major or minor scales
Term
Rubato
Definition
The slight holding back or pressing forward of tempo
Term
Thematic transformation
Definition
When a melody returns in a later movement or section of a romantic work and has been changed in dynamics, orchestration, or rhythm.
Term
French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars
Definition
Caused much of the aristocracy to not be able to afford to hire musicians as skilled servants, thus contributing to the development of a greater number of "free artists"
Term
By the late 1800s, women could not only study musical performance, but this as well
Definition
Musical composition
Term
Art Song
Definition
Composition for solo voice and piano
Term
An integral part of the composer's concept in the art song is the
Definition
Accompaniment
Term
Strophic form
Definition
Repeating the same music for each stanza of a poem
Term
Through-composed form
Definition
Creating new music for each stanza of a poem
Term
Modified strophic form
Definition
When the same music is repeated for only some stanzas (Ex. ABA)
Term
Song Cycle
Definition
A set of songs grouped together by a story line or a musical idea
Term
Franz Schubert was
Definition
The earliest master of the Art Song
Term
Franz Schubert composed
Definition
143 works when he was eighteen, including The Erlkonig, and 179 works when he was nineteen, including two symphonies, an opera, and a mass
Term
Schubert died of this disease at age thirty-one
Definition
Syphilis
Term
The Trout (1817) was composed by
Definition
Schubert
Term
Robert Schumann desired to become this in his early twenties but was prevented from doing so due to problems with his fingers
Definition
Piano virtuoso
Term
Schumann founded and edited the
Definition
New Journal of Music
Term
Schumann married his teacher's daughter _______
Definition
Clara Wieck
Term
Carnaval (1834-35) was composed by
Definition
Schumann
Term
Clara Wieck Schumann often played compositions by her husband and their close friend _________
Definition
Johann Brahms
Term
After her husband's death, Clara Schumann stopped this
Definition
Composing
Term
Frederic Chopin was known as
Definition
The poet of the piano
Term
Chopin preferred to play for ___________ instead of in concert halls
Definition
Private, intimate gatherings
Term
Chopin taught piano to
Definition
The daughters of the rich and aristocratic
Term
Nocturne
Definition
A night piece, or slow, lyrical, intimate composition for piano; a favorite of Chopin
Term
An etude is a
Definition
Study piece designed to help the performer master a certain skill or technique on the piano
Term
Etude in C Minor, or Revolutionary, was composed by
Definition
Chopin
Term
Polonaise
Definition
A piece in triple meter, originated as a stately dance for the Polish nobility
Term
Franz Liszt left
Definition
A trail of broken hearts from Paris to Moscow
Term
Liszt was determined to become like this virtuoso violinist, but on the piano
Definition
Paganini
Term
Liszt composed this etude
Definition
Transcendental
Term
Franz Liszt's music was considered by some to be
Definition
Vulgar and bombastic; others reveled in its extroverted romantic rhetoric
Term
This composer's music was deeply rooted in classical tradition, and his personal life was also much more traditional than his contemporaries
Definition
Felix Mendelssohn
Term
Felix Mendelssohn resurrected the music of this classical composer by conducting St. Matthew's Passion
Definition
Bach
Term
Program music
Definition
Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene
Term
Absolute music
Definition
Instrumental pieces that are music for music's sake; the opposite of program music
Term
Program symphony
Definition
A composition in several movements; as its name implies, a symphony with a program
Term
Concert Overture
Definition
Has one movement, usually in sonata form.
Term
Symphonic poem (tone poem)
Definition
A one-movement composition that may take many traditional forms--sonata form, rondo, or theme and variations--or an irregular form.
Term
Incidental music
Definition
Music meant to be performed before and during a play; sets the mood for certain scenes.
Term
This fiery composer became furious if a conductor tampered with a composer's orchestration
Definition
Hector Berlioz
Term
Berlioz fell madly in love with Harriet Smithson, a Shakespearean actress, and wrote his this based on her
Definition
Symphonie Fantastique
Term
Idee fixe
Definition
A single, repeated melody associated with a person; used by Berlioz to represent the beloved in his Symphonie Fantastique
Term
Tchaikovsky was married for two weeks before getting divorced; apparently, he married only to hide his
Definition
homosexuality
Term
Tchaikovsky did not get his start in music until age
Definition
Twenty-one
Term
Tchaikovsky's benefactress, whom he never met, and who suddenly cut off her support for no apparent reason
Definition
Nadezhda von Meck, a very rich widow with eleven children
Term
Perhaps Tchaikovsky's most well-known piece, written for a ballet score
Definition
The Nutcracker
Term
Antonin Dvorak was little-known until receiving a recommendation from this composer
Definition
Johann Brahms
Term
While in America, Dvorak became interested in
Definition
Native American melodies and African American spirituals
Term
Pentatonic scales
Definition
Five-note scales
Term
Brahms was repulsed by the music of this composer
Definition
Liszt
Term
Brahms career flourished in large part due to his endorsement by and friendship with
Definition
The Schumanns
Term
Brahms never composed in this form
Definition
Opera
Term
Brahm's works are deeply rooted in the musical tradition of these previous composers
Definition
Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven
Term
A German Requiem (1868) was composed by
Definition
Brahms
Term
Giuseppe Verdi was the most popular of all
Definition
Opera composers
Term
Verdi's intense love of music as a child inspired his parents to buy him this
Definition
A piano
Term
Verdi vowed to composer no more after his comic opera failed due to a lack of inspiration caused by
Definition
The deaths of his infant children and his beloved wife
Term
To Verdi, this ancient people group symbolized the enslaved Italians
Definition
The Jews
Term
Verdi's operas often scandalized critics due to the apparent support of
Definition
rape, suicide, and free love
Term
Verdi did not compose for the elite, but for
Definition
The public
Term
La donna e mobile is one of opera's two most popular pieces and is found in Verdi's opera entitled
Definition
Rigoletto
Term
Verdi's successor as the most popular opera composer of his time was
Definition
Giacomo Puccini
Term
This modern Broadway musical is based on the story of La Boheme, one of Puccini's most successful operas
Definition
Rent
Term
Puccini spent as much time polishing this as he did composing the music
Definition
Librettos
Term
This opera's plot has been summarized as "boy meets girl, boy loses girl, boy and girl are reunited as girl dies of consumption in boy's arms and curtain falls."
Definition
La Boheme
Term
Richard Wagner
Definition
Was so successful, he had his own opera house built in Bayreuth, Germany
Term
This composer shamelessly lived off of other people and accumulated enormous debts that he never repaid
Definition
Wagner
Term
For Wagner, the opera house was a
Definition
Temple
Term
Leitmotif
Definition
Short musical idea associated with a person, an object, or a thought in the drama
Term
Wagner's gigantic cycle of four music dramas are collectively called
Definition
The Ring of Nibelung
Term
Gustav Mahler was
Definition
The last great Austrian romantic conposer
Term
By the time he was 28, Mahler was the director of the
Definition
Budapest Opera
Term
At 37, Mahler converted from Judaism to Roman Catholicism, at least in part so that he could conduct the
Definition
Vienna Opera
Term
Mahler's music is known for its extreme shifts in
Definition
Mood
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