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Roman History Final
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67
Bartending
6th Grade
03/13/2011

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Term
Ludi Romani
Definition
Religious festival; originally held in honor of Jupiter; eventually came to honor Julius Caesar. Introduced drama to Rome
Term
Salii
Definition
- “leaping preists” of Mars; 12 patrician boys, carried the
Ancilia, one of which was said to have fallen from the heavens during Numa’s reign
Feriae Latinae -
Term
vestal virgin
Definition
priestesses of Vesta. Served for a period of 30 years; most kept serving after
Term
augur
Definition
priest whose role it was to interpret the will of the gods through movements of birds
Term
pontifex
Definition
refers to the pontifex maximus, the vestal virgins, the Rex Sacrorum, and the flamines
Term
septimonium
Definition
festival of the seven hills; sacrifice 7 animals at 7 times at 7 places near each hill
Term
lupercal
Definition
the cave at the base of the palatine hill where the wolf fed Romulus and Remus
Term
Jupiter Optimus Maximus
Definition
patron deity of Rome. King of the gods.
Term
Usus
Definition
If a wife spends 3 consecutive nights away from her husband, father retains guardianship
Term
Provocatio
Definition
the citizen’s protection from magistrate’s powers of coercion while in the city.
Term
Lex sacrata
Definition
494, law after first secession of the plebeians that either affirmed the sacrosanctity of
the tribunes or established the plebeians as a sworn confederacy against patricians
Term
Coriolanus
Definition
legendary Roman general; received his name for his heroics during the Roman siege of the Volscian city Corioli. Argued against democratic inclinations of Plebeians. Was tried for misappropriation of funds during the war and banished. Sought retribution by leading Volscii against Rome. Stopped only after his wife and children came out of the city and begged him to stop. Was later assassinated by the Volscii
Term
Nexum
Definition
debt bondage contract in early empire, with self as collateral; abolished in 326
Term
consul
Definition
highest elected official of the republic. 2 held office for a year at a time. Led armies
Term
dictator
Definition
Single person given absolute rule during times of emergency for a specific time. After the end of the period, handed power back over to consuls.
Term
quaestor
Definition
elected official in the cursus honorum. Supervised financial affairs.
Term
Tribune of the plebs
Definition
official elected by the plebeians. Created in 494 after first secession
of the plebs Sacrosanct; able to protect any plebeian bodily harm. Ability to veto acts of senate they saw as unfair to plebs.
Term
Military tribunes w/ consular power
Definition
traditionally a man of senatorial rank. Appointed tasks by legate. Usually followed by quaestorship
Term
praetor
Definition
created in 367 to take some of the duties of consuls. A military commander and also responsible for varied duties in Rome. Part of the cursus honorum
Term
aedile
Definition
official of the republic responsible for maintenance and regulation of public festivals. 2 pairs: 1 for plebians and 1 curule. Traditionally a position held between quaestorship and praetorship for those wishing to follow the cursus honorum
Term
curule aedile
Definition
an aedile with imperium. Escorted by 2 lictors.
Term
censor
Definition
in charge of the census and general public morality. Created by Servius Tullius, opened to plebeians in 351.
Term
auspicia
Definition
- bird signs taken by augurs as signs directly from the gods.
Term
patrician
Definition
natural and adopted members of the elite families of Rome.
Term
plebeian
Definition
a political identity. Members of non-elite families that believe in and fight for democracy and equality between classes
Term
lex canuleia
Definition
445, allows patricians and plebeians to intermarry
Term
lex hortensia
Definition
287, made all laws passed by plebeians binding on all citizens
Term
lex ogulnia
Definition
300, opened priesthoods to plebeians
Term
ebro river treaty
Definition
Signed in 226 between Rome and Carthage, designating the Ebro river as the border between the two powers’ land. Rome began to associate with Saguntum, south of the river, and Hannibal, looking for a reason to enter war, besieged this city, breaking the treaty.
Term
Battle of Cynoscephelae
Definition
a battle fought in Thessaly in 197 between the armies of Titus Quinctius Flaminius and Philip V. A decisive win for the Romans, ending the Second Macedonian War and proving the inferiority of the Macedonian phalanx.
Term
Aetolian league
Definition
a confederation of city-states in Greece. First Greek ally of Rome. Helped in the Battle of Cynoscephalae.
Term
Ager publicus
Definition
public land. Usually acquired from conquered enemies of the republic. Property rights disputed between plebeians and patricians. Legislation in 367 limited holdings to 500 iugera, although this was largely ignored. Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus both died in their attempts to make this recognized.
Term
Lucius Quinctius Flaminius
Definition
roman consul/general instrumental in conquering of Greece. Made a consul during Second Macedonian War; started to negotiate peace with Philip at the end of his term, but was prorogued and finished the job.
Term
L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus
Definition
consul in 190; son of P. Cornelius Scipio. Defeated Antiochus III with his brother as a legate, and was given the title for his conquest of West Asia Minor
Term
Marcus Octavius
Definition
tribune and rival of Tiberius Gracchus. Gracchus ultimately convinced the Plebeian Assembly to depose him, leading to an escalation in the conflict.
Term
Publius Mucius Scaevola
Definition
consul in 133, when Tiberius Gracchus was attempting to run for a second consecutive tribuneship. Said he would allow it, since it seemed to be the will of the people.
Term
Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica
Definition
consul in 191. Distinguished jurist.
Term
Gaius Gracchus
Definition
tribune in 123-122. Introduced reforms to the judicial system, as well larger allotments so free labourers could be employed. Proposed Roman citizenship to all Italian allies. Killed by senate in 121
Term
Lucius Opimius
Definition
cônsul in 121. Ordered the execution of 3,000 supporters of Gaius Gracchus. Headed the commission in 116 that divided Numidia between Jugurtha and Adherbal.
Term
Marcus Livius Drusus
Definition
set up as tribune by the senate to undermine Gaius Gracchus. Proposed legislation that drew enough support away from Gaius to veto his bills, although that is all it was ever meant to do, as none of it was ever enacted. Later became a consul.
Term
Cn. Pompeius Strabo
Definition
father of Pompey the Great. First of the gens Pompeia to reach senatorial status; became consul in 89.
Term
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Definition
Member of the first triumvirate. Suppressed the slave revolt led by Spartacus; considered the wealthiest man in Roman history, and perhaps one of the richest in all history.
Term
Marcus Biblius
Definition
elected alongside Julius Caesar in 59 as cônsul. Tried to intervene in Caesar’s introduction of a bill that would give land in Campania to Pompey’s soldiers; retired from Forum after crowd broke his fasces. Spent the rest of the year locked in his house, claiming to be watching for omens, technically invalidating all legislation passed during this time.
Term
Marcus Antonius
Definition
loyal supporter of Julius Caesar. After his death became part of the Second Triumvirate. After the breakup of the triumvirate in 33, waged a civil war against Octavian (The Final War of the Roman Republic). After he was defeated at the Battle of Actium, committed suicide with his lover Cleopatra.
Term
Mithridates VI Eupator
Definition
king of Pontus and Armenia Minor in Anatolia from 120 to 63. Recognized as one of Rome’s most formidable and successful enemies.
Term
Lex Claudia of 218
Definition
prohibits senators from engaging in overseas trading
Term
Lex calpurnia de rebus repetundis
Definition
149, established extortion courts for provincial governors
Term
Lex acilia de rebus repetundis
Definition
123, put equestrians in courts prosecuting senators.
Term
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
Definition
effectively replaced the dictatorship by removing magistrates’ powers to preserve the state. First used in 121 during the fall of Gaius Gracchus, later used in 77 during Lepidus’ march on Rome, the Conspiracy of Catiline in 63, and when Caesar crossed the Rubicon in 49.
Term
Lex Julia of 90
Definition
offered citizenship to any italian who had not fought against rome.
Term
Municipiumo
Definition
second-highest class of Roman city, inferior to a colony. Was given self governance in addition to the “Latin-rights” of citizenship. Resulted from the incorporation of a conquered town into the Roman state.
Term
Lex Plautia Papiria
Definition
89, offered citizenship to Roman allies
Term
Census
Definition
conducted every 5 years; provided register of citizens and their property, from which a list of their rights and privileges could be drawn.
Term
Falmen Dialis
Definition
high priest of Jupiter. Selected by the Pontifex Maximus in the event of a vacancy and have the rights to wear the Apex, have a lictor, wear the toga praetexta, and have a seat in senate.
Term
Lex Manilia
Definition
66, gave Pompey supreme command in the war against Mithridates. Took
command from Lucullus.
Term
Lex Vatinia
Definition
59, gave Julius Caesar governorship of Cisalpine Gaul and of Illyricum for 5 years
Term
Lex Villia annalis of 180
Definition
established minimum ages for the cursus honorum offices; determined an interval of two years between offices
Term
Battle of Pharsalus
Definition
a decisive battle in the civil war between Caesar and Pompey. A decisive victory for Caesar. After the battle Pompey fled with a small retinue and was assassinated on the order of Ptolemy XIII。
Term
P. Clodius Pulcher
Definition
chiefly remembered for his feud with Cicero and Milo, whose supporters
murdered him in the street. Snuck into the observation of the rights of Bona Dea being held at Caesar’s home。
Term
Equites
Definition
the lower of the two aristocratic classes of ancient Rome, ranking below the patricians
Term
Popularis
Definition
aristocratic leaders who relied on the people's assemblies and tribunate to acquire political power.
Term
Optimates
Definition
the traditionalist majority;wished to limit the power of the popular assemblies and the Tribunes of the Plebs, and to extend the power of the Senate。
Term
Comitia Centuriata
Definition
the democratic assembly of Roman soldiers;could declare war or elect the
highest-ranking Roman agistrates;served as the highest court of appeal in certain judicial cases
Term
Prorogation
Definition
the extension of a commander's imperium beyond the one-year term of his Magistracy
Term
Licinio-Sextian Rogation
Definition
at least one consul had to be a plebeian; limited land ownership to 500 iugere; limited amount of sheep and cattle that could be kept in one field
Term
Lex Publilia
Definition
one censor had to be a plebeian
Term
Lex poetilia
Definition
abolished nexum
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