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| ancient Roman society. built elaborate temples. |
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| Son of Anchises and Venus, chief of the Trojans |
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| founder and first king of Rome. Killed his twin Remus. |
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| a king of Rome who was formerly a slave. He became Tarqun's heir after his head caught on fire. He was killed by his evil daughter. |
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| the seventh and final Roman king. His son raped Lucretia which led to the end of the monarchy in Rome. |
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| assassinated Julius Caesar. Killed himself after losing the second battle at Philippi. |
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| committed suicide after being raped by Sextus, which led to the expulsion of the Tarquins and the end of the monarchy. |
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| Two elected Consuls held the duties of the king for one year. |
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| The two consuls chose him during a crisis. He was only to rule for 6 months or whenever the crisis ended. |
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| five magistrates who could veto measures of the senate and propose measures on behalf of the plebs. Anyone who physically attacked a plebeian tribune could be executed on the spot. |
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| Carthaginian military commander during the Second Punic War. He was defeated by Scipio Africanus. |
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| During the Second Punic War, the Romans lost to Hannibal here even though they had superior numbers. |
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| plebian tribunes who proposed many agrarian reforms and reforms in regards to how much land the wealthy could own. They were populares, or champions of the people. Both were assassinated. |
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| He killed his brother and took over his territory and murdered the citizens, forcing the Roman senate to act. |
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| Held the consulship for five years. Fought with Sulla over who should deal with Mithridates. |
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| Sulla brought Rome’s own army against her. Marius fled, so Sulla took control with an iron fist. He had proscription lists that put a bounty on many people's heads. He introduced several political reforms before resigning his dictatorship. |
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| a Thracian gladiator who led a revolt in his training camp with an army of thousands of slaves |
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| the unofficial political alliance of Pompey, Crassus and Caesar |
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| Consul during the Catiline conspiracy. He executed the conspirators without trial, for which he was later exiled by Clodius. |
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| Roman historian who wrote about the Catiline conspiracy |
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| Roman politician and general who caused civil war in Rome. He won and made himself "perpetual dictator." He introduced many reforms & was assassinated by a group of senators. |
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| A member of the First Triumvirate. Fought with Caesar in the civil war but lost and fled to Egypt, where he was beheaded. |
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| Pompey fought with Caesar here during the Civil War, but lost and fled to Egypt where he was killed. |
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| the 15th of March, the day Caesar was assassinated. It was forseen that Caesar would be harmed on this day. |
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| Roman historian, wrote about Rome from its foundation through the rule of Augustus. |
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| the political alliance between Octavian, Marc Antony, and Lepidus. |
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First battle: Brutus captures Octavian’s camp, but Octavian had escaped. Cassius killed himself.
Second battle: Brutus is defeated and he kills himself too. |
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| Member of the second triumvirate. Disagreement between him and Octavian caused civil war. Antony lost, and he and his lover Cleopatra committed suicide afterwards. |
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| Egyptian ruler and lover of both Caesar and Marc Antony. |
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| Adopted son of Caesar who became the first emperor of Rome. He created the Principate, the first phase of the Roman Empire. His reign was an especially peaceful time. |
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| an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. Wrote the Aeneid. |
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| step-son of Augustus, master general who became emperor after Augustus. |
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| grand-nephew of Tiberius. He boned all his sisters, made himself a god, named a horse consul, killed people randomly, and declared war on the ocean. |
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| the disabled uncle of Caligula. When the praetorian guard ransacked the palace after Caligula's assassination, they captured Claudius and forced him to become emperor and serve them. |
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| successor of Claudius. It was believed that he started the Great Fire to build a palace on top of the burnt land. He was a persecutor of Christians. |
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| the Year of the Four Emperors |
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| the year 69 CE, in which Rome had four emperors - Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian. |
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| Roman senator and historian who described the reigns of Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and the four emperors of 69 CE. |
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| Fought with Vitellius for control of the empire, eventually became the last of the Four Emperors in the year 69. |
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| Son of Vespasian, making him the first emperor to succeed his father. During his reign, Vesuvius erupted and there was a fire in 80 CE |
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| Titus' brother.He had an affair with his niece and built a crapload of arches. Then he demanded to be called “Master and God" which got him assassinated. |
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| Trajan was an awesome emperor and he and his successors each chose the best man for the job instead of giving it to their kids. His reign began "the most happy and prosperous time in human history" |
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| Built a wall in Britain and rebuilt the Greek Pantheon. |
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| the wall Hadrian built in Britain |
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| a Stoic emperor who wrote Meditations, a book of Stoic philosohpy |
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| Marcus Aurelius' son and successor to the throne. He had a lust for blood which made the Praetorian guard like him. |
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| emperor who disbanded the Praetorian guard and used his own men as his bodyguards |
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| A declaration that gave all free people within the borders of the Roman empire the status of citizen. |
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