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Roman Final Vocab
Vocab for the Roman history final
48
Classics
Undergraduate 1
12/10/2012

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Term
Etruscans
Definition
ancient Roman society. built elaborate temples.
Term
Aeneas
Definition
Son of Anchises and Venus, chief of the Trojans
Term
Romulus
Definition
founder and first king of Rome. Killed his twin Remus.
Term
Servius Tullius
Definition
a king of Rome who was formerly a slave. He became Tarqun's heir after his head caught on fire. He was killed by his evil daughter.
Term
Tarquinius Superbus
Definition
the seventh and final Roman king. His son raped Lucretia which led to the end of the monarchy in Rome.
Term
Brutus
Definition
assassinated Julius Caesar. Killed himself after losing the second battle at Philippi.
Term
Lucretia
Definition
committed suicide after being raped by Sextus, which led to the expulsion of the Tarquins and the end of the monarchy.
Term
consuls
Definition
Two elected Consuls held the duties of the king for one year.
Term
dictator
Definition
The two consuls chose him during a crisis. He was only to rule for 6 months or whenever the crisis ended.
Term
tribunes of the plebs
Definition
five magistrates who could veto measures of the senate and propose measures on behalf of the plebs. Anyone who physically attacked a plebeian tribune could be executed on the spot.
Term
Hannibal*
Definition
Carthaginian military commander during the Second Punic War. He was defeated by Scipio Africanus.
Term
Cannae
Definition
During the Second Punic War, the Romans lost to Hannibal here even though they had superior numbers.
Term
the Gracchi brothers
Definition
plebian tribunes who proposed many agrarian reforms and reforms in regards to how much land the wealthy could own. They were populares, or champions of the people. Both were assassinated.
Term
Jugurtha
Definition
He killed his brother and took over his territory and murdered the citizens, forcing the Roman senate to act.
Term
Marius
Definition
Held the consulship for five years. Fought with Sulla over who should deal with Mithridates.
Term
Sulla
Definition
Sulla brought Rome’s own army against her. Marius fled, so Sulla took control with an iron fist. He had proscription lists that put a bounty on many people's heads. He introduced several political reforms before resigning his dictatorship.
Term
Spartacus
Definition
a Thracian gladiator who led a revolt in his training camp with an army of thousands of slaves
Term
the First Triumvirate
Definition
the unofficial political alliance of Pompey, Crassus and Caesar
Term
Cicero*
Definition
Consul during the Catiline conspiracy. He executed the conspirators without trial, for which he was later exiled by Clodius.
Term
Sallust
Definition
Roman historian who wrote about the Catiline conspiracy
Term
Caesar
Definition
Roman politician and general who caused civil war in Rome. He won and made himself "perpetual dictator." He introduced many reforms & was assassinated by a group of senators.
Term
Pompey
Definition
A member of the First Triumvirate. Fought with Caesar in the civil war but lost and fled to Egypt, where he was beheaded.
Term
Pharsalus*
Definition
Pompey fought with Caesar here during the Civil War, but lost and fled to Egypt where he was killed.
Term
the Ides of March
Definition
the 15th of March, the day Caesar was assassinated. It was forseen that Caesar would be harmed on this day.
Term
Livy
Definition
Roman historian, wrote about Rome from its foundation through the rule of Augustus.
Term
the Second Triumvirate
Definition
the political alliance between Octavian, Marc Antony, and Lepidus.
Term
Philippi
Definition
First battle: Brutus captures Octavian’s camp, but Octavian had escaped. Cassius killed himself.
Second battle: Brutus is defeated and he kills himself too.
Term
Marc Antony
Definition
Member of the second triumvirate. Disagreement between him and Octavian caused civil war. Antony lost, and he and his lover Cleopatra committed suicide afterwards.
Term
Cleopatra
Definition
Egyptian ruler and lover of both Caesar and Marc Antony.
Term
Octavian/Augustus
Definition
Adopted son of Caesar who became the first emperor of Rome. He created the Principate, the first phase of the Roman Empire. His reign was an especially peaceful time.
Term
Vergil*
Definition
an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. Wrote the Aeneid.
Term
Livia
Definition
wife of Augustus
Term
Tiberius
Definition
step-son of Augustus, master general who became emperor after Augustus.
Term
Caligula
Definition
grand-nephew of Tiberius. He boned all his sisters, made himself a god, named a horse consul, killed people randomly, and declared war on the ocean.
Term
Claudius
Definition
the disabled uncle of Caligula. When the praetorian guard ransacked the palace after Caligula's assassination, they captured Claudius and forced him to become emperor and serve them.
Term
Nero
Definition
successor of Claudius. It was believed that he started the Great Fire to build a palace on top of the burnt land. He was a persecutor of Christians.
Term
the Year of the Four Emperors
Definition
the year 69 CE, in which Rome had four emperors - Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian.
Term
Tacitus
Definition
Roman senator and historian who described the reigns of Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and the four emperors of 69 CE.
Term
Vespasian
Definition
Fought with Vitellius for control of the empire, eventually became the last of the Four Emperors in the year 69.
Term
Titus
Definition
Son of Vespasian, making him the first emperor to succeed his father. During his reign, Vesuvius erupted and there was a fire in 80 CE
Term
Domitian
Definition
Titus' brother.He had an affair with his niece and built a crapload of arches. Then he demanded to be called “Master and God" which got him assassinated.
Term
Trajan
Definition
Trajan was an awesome emperor and he and his successors each chose the best man for the job instead of giving it to their kids. His reign began "the most happy and prosperous time in human history"
Term
Hadrian
Definition
Built a wall in Britain and rebuilt the Greek Pantheon.
Term
Hadrian’s Wall
Definition
the wall Hadrian built in Britain
Term
Marcus Aurelius*
Definition
a Stoic emperor who wrote Meditations, a book of Stoic philosohpy
Term
Commodus
Definition
Marcus Aurelius' son and successor to the throne. He had a lust for blood which made the Praetorian guard like him.
Term
Septimius Severus
Definition
emperor who disbanded the Praetorian guard and used his own men as his bodyguards
Term
Constitutio Antoniniana
Definition
A declaration that gave all free people within the borders of the Roman empire the status of citizen.
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