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Roman Art and Architecture
N/A
20
Art History
12th Grade
11/07/2012

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

Apollo

Veii, Italy

Etruscan

520-500 BC

  • Etruscan statuary is along the roofline of temples
  • Made from terra cotta
  • Dynamic, shown in motion
  • Archaic smile
Term
[image]
Definition

Sarcophagus

Cerveteri, Italy

Etruscan

520 BC

  • Man and woman reclining and eating together, demonstrates the relative equality of women
  • Originally shown holding egg, evidence for Etruscan belief in the afterlife
Term
[image]
Definition

Portrait of a Roman Patrician

Otricoli, Italy

Republic

75-50 BC

  • Veristic portrait bust
  • Demonstrates gravitas, important aspect of Roman ethos
Term
[image]
Definition

Rites of Bacchus, Villa of the Mysteries

Pompeii, Italy

Empire

60-50 BC

  • Depicting an initiation rite for a mystery cult
  • Dado- faux marble base
  • Dynamic and expressive, similar to Hellenistic art
Term
[image]
Definition

Statue of Augustus

Primaporta, Italy

Empire

20 BC

  • First emperor
  • Form of propaganda, argues for role as leader (gesture), commander in chief (breastplate), and descent from Venus (cupid)
Term
[image]
Definition

Pont du Gard

Nimes, France

Empire

16 BC

  • Bridge and acqueduct
  • Demonstrates superiority of Roman engineering and infrustructure, transported water from 30 miles away
  • Architecture of space, not mass
Term
[image]
Definition

Ara Pacis

Rome, Italy

Empire

13-9 BC

  • Senate had it built to honor Augustus
  • Relief carvings demonstrating Roman ethos: veristic portraits in procession demonstrate the importance of family
  • Other side is allegorical, with the central figure being Peace, Tallis, or Demeter and representing abundance
Term
[image]
Definition

Colosseum

Rome, Italy

Empire

70-80 AD

  • Called the Colosseum because it originally housed the Colossus, a statue of Niro
  • Built by Vespasian as a people pleaser
  • Careful, pragmatic design (could empty in 15 minutes, got seats for life, dumb waiters)
  • Built with barrel vaulting
  • 4 different kinds of columns, rhythmic
Term
[image]
Definition

Arch of Titus

Rome, Italy

Empire

81 AD

  • 1st triumphal arch, served no pragmatic purpose
  • Relief sculptures of the destruction of the temples of Solomon and David in Jerusalem
Term
[image]
Definition

Column of Trajan

Rome, Italy

Empire

112 AD

  • Trajan was a military emperor
  • Celebrate his conquest of the Dacians
  • Ribbon relief sculpture detailing events of conquest spiraling up the column 
  • Located at top end of forum 
Term
[image]
Definition

Pantheon

Rome, Italy

Empire

118-125 AD

  • Illusion of gazing into the heavens, aided by bronze coffering
  • Perfectly proportioned (142 feet in diameter, 142 feet tall)
  • Left intact by invading forces
Term
[image]
Definition

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius

Rome, Italy

Empire

175 AD

  • Only bronze equestrian statue of an emperor to survive because he was thought to be Constantine
  • Philosopher status indicated by hair and beard
  • Commanding gesture
Term
[image]
Definition

The Tetrarchs

Venice, Italy

Empire

305 AD

  • Represent 4 different emperors in place after division by Diocletian into east and west (Augustus and Caesar for each) 
  • Abstract because made out of hard stone (porphyry) and meant to be symbolic, not versitic
  • Suggests extreme anxiety
Term
[image]
Definition

Arch of Constantine

Rome, Italy

Empire

315-330 AD

  • Last Roman triumphal arch
  • Commented on reunification of empire under Constantine
  • Roundels are not original, were removed from other monuments
Term
[image]
Definition

Portrait of Constantine

Rome, Italy

Empire

315-330 AD

  • Idealized, god-like expressio of authority
  • Located in apse of basillica 
Term
[image]
Definition

Aula Palatina (basillica)

Trier, Germany

Empire

Early 4th century

  • Basillica as prototype for church (i.e. apse becomes altar)
Term
[image]
Definition

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus

Rome, Italy

Empire

359 AD

  • Made for prefect of Rome, a Christian convert
  • Full length coffin because Christians do not believe in cremation
  • Depicts stories from the old and new testaments, typology
  • Transitional piece, depicts Christ standing on the sky god
Term
[image]
Definition

Christ as the Good Shepard

Ravenna, Italy

Post Empire

425 AD

  • Located where the capital of the Empire was moved after invasion
  • Transitional piece because depth, modeling, Jesus resembles Apollo and is wearing golden robes
  • Depicts both aspects of Jesus (lamb and shepard) 
Term
[image]
Definition

Hagia Sophia

Architects= Anthemius and Isidorus

Istanbul, Turkey

Byzantine

532-537 AD

  • Built to embody the principal that God is light
  • Architects were former mathematicians
  • Rests on pedentives
  • 1st (shallower) dome collapsed in 558 AD
Term
[image]
Definition

Emperor Justinian/ Empress Theodora

Church of San Vitale

Ravenna, Italy

Byzantine

547 AD

  • Argues for the function of Byzantine theocracy as participants in the eucharist
  • Theodora is holding wine (transubstantiated into blood of Christ), Justinian is holding bread (Christ's body)
  • Status established by stepping on feet of those who are less important
  • Golden sky, flattened figures, floating, elongated bodies, flipper feet
  • Each branch of government represented
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