1. Buildings have three qualities:

firmitas (solidity)

utilitas  (usefulness)

venustas (beauty)

2. Architecture is an imitation of nature and the human bod is a part of nature, so therefore architecture should have a direct proportionality with the human bod

3. Symmetry (also derived from the human bod)

4. Three classical orders: Doric, Ionic Corinthian (respectively)

Things Leon Battista Alberti did:

1. Wrote De Pictura (1435) i.e. invented the constructed perspective

2. Wrote de Re Aedificatoria (Ten books of Architecture, written 1452 but published 130 yrs later)

3. Worked Mainly in Rimini

4. Did facades of Palazzo Rucellai and Santa Maria Novella in Florence

'Cause Romans was crazy and all killinz eachuvahs and all sorts of bullsk.

(the social and economic turmoil in Rome made it unsafe and fiscally impossible for palazzi to be built).

Palazzo Venezia

1455

architect unknown

built by Cardinal Pietro Barbo of Venice

THE FIRST RENAISSANCE PALACE IN ROME

Despite being very medieval, its regular windows make it Renaissance

Inside courtyard has a double-height portico

Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi

1466

Cardinal Marco Barbo (nephew of Paul II)

built on top of the Forum of Augustus

- Re-established the city planning office

- permitted larger landowners to expropriate adjacent properties to expand their own

- permitted cardinals to will their properties to their relatives

as a result, palace construction took place at a v. large scale.

• Palazzo della Rovere (near vatican)
• Palazzo Riario (now part of palazzo Corsini)
• another Palazzo Riario (near piazza Navona)
• Palazzo della Cancelleria
• Palazzo dei Santi Apostoli

Sixtus IV's nephew

employed Bramante to rebuild St. Peter's and a massive new wing of the Vatican Palace

as well as the unbuilt Palazzo dei Tribunali on via Giulia (the one that looks like a sofa these days)

- Palazzo Caprini, 1501 (later Michaelangelo's home, raised by il duce)

- Tempietto at S. Pietro in Montorio, 1502

- First plan for S. Pietro (the vatican one), 1503

- Cloister of S. Maria Della Pace (the redone later one), 1504

- Cortile de Belvedere in the Vatican Palace, 1506

- Designed Piazza Farnese (originally for the Chigi's) 1506-1510

- Worked under Bramante, Raphael, and Sangallo on St. Peter's (1520-1527)

- Palazzo Massimo alle Collone, 1532-1536

- The papal Villa

- Built by Innocent VIII in 1484

Villa Madama

1518

by Raphael and Sangallo

one of the most important renaissance villas

built for Clement VII de' Medici

Villa Farnesia (1506-1510)

Peruzzi

gots all sorts of frescos up inits

1520

Giuliano Romano (a pupil of Raphael)

on the Janiculan

- summer retreats to avoid mal aria (bad air)

- places for pleasure

- the word villa means the both the building and the surrounding park

- interiors include frescoes with classical, non-christian themes to emphasize the idea of pleasure

- loggias used as interpretive, interstitial spaces between the indoors and outdoors.

- big follower of Bramante

-built:

- Palazzo Farnese 1514

- Palazzo Baldassini 1516

- Villa Madama 1518

also built:

- porta S. Spirito (at the Vatican)

- Sangallo Bastons (of the city walls)

- S. Maria di Loreto, 1507

- New plan for St. Peter's, 1520

- S. Spirito in Sassia, 1538

Renaissance Style

(1400s-1500s)

- vitruvian propotions

- classical ideals

- bright + even colors

- tendency to idealize

Mannerist Style

(1500s becoming dominant after 1550)

- acid pastel colors

- distorted, impure forms

- virtuouso effects that surprise the viewer

i.e. groteschi

Baroque Style

(late 1500's - 1600s)

- expressive gestures

- emphasis on rhetoric

- chiaroscuro

- Bolognese school

- combine renaissance coloring and rhetorical gesture

- Bernini Stream

- union of all the arts

- Boromini Stream

- experimental and playful

- classical forms with a twist

1527 Sack of Rome

destroys buildings

makes room for new construction

- Villa Giulia, 1551-1553 by Jacopo Barozzi for Julius III

- Villa Medici, 1576 by Annibale Lippi and Ammante

- Palazzo Spada, 1540 (stucco decorations 1550)

trompe-l'oleil perspective hall by Borromini

- Palazzo Zuccari, 1590 at top of spanish steps

demonstrated how families dominated their urban settings

- Palaces had to command their own piazze

- lack of shops on ground floor indicate builders' wealth

- sought to dominate sight lines

- by 1600's, palaces comprised of palace, servants' quarters, piazza, family church, fountains, etc.

1. attendant's room
2. first antecamera
3. second antecamera
4. audience room
5. camera
6. retrocamera
7. chapel

Palazzo Borghese

1608-23

Flaminio Ponzio

- harpsichord shape

- semi-private piazza

- summer dining room on top of palazzo

Palazzo Barberini

1625-33

Carlo Maderno (croked),

completed by team of Bernini and Maderno's assistant, Borromini

- Not built around a courtyard

- Semi-rural consequently functioning as a semi-villa

- Note the forced perspectives in the facade and the helicoidal staircase by Borromini