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Definition
| aspiration of a sample of amniotic fluid through the mother's abdomen for diagnostic analysis of fetal genetics, maturity, and/or disease |
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| smooth membrane enclosing the fetus and amniotic fluid |
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| a neural tube defect where absence of the brain, including cerebrum, cerebellum and basal ganglia |
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| the ligatures around the cervix uteri to treat cervical incompetence during pregnancy |
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| inferior segment of the uterus, which is normally more than 3.5 cm long during pregnancy and decreases during labor |
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| cellular, outermost extraembryonic membrane, composed of trophblast lined with mesoderm |
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| insertion under sonographic guidance of a thin needle into the vessels of the umbilical cord usually at the site of placental inserion to obtain a fetal blood sample, deliver fetal drug therapy, or assess fetal well-being |
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Definition
| a functional structure within the normal ovary, which is formed from cells linign the graafian follocle after ovulation |
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| vascular structure within the fetal liver that connects the umbilical vein to the IVC and allows oxygenated blood to bypass the liver and return directly to the heart |
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Definition
| dev'ping individual from implantation to the end of the ninth week of gestation |
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Term
| embryonic age (conception age) |
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Definition
| age of embryo stated as time from day of conception |
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| gestation age (menstrual age) |
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Definition
| length of pregnancy defined in the US as number of weeks from first day of last normal menstrual period (LNMP) |
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Definition
| structure lined by the chorion that normally implants within the uterine deciduas and contains the dev'ping embryo |
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Definition
| abnormal conception in which there is partial or complete conversion of the chorionic villi into grapelike vesicles |
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Definition
| A condition in which the cervix dilates silently during the second trimester |
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Term
| intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) |
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Definition
| reduced growth rate or abnormal growth patterns of the fetus; resulting in a small for gestional age (SGA) infant |
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Definition
| thin expanded lower portion of the uterus that forms in the last trimester of pregnancy |
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| exceptionally large infant with excessive fat deposition in the subcutaneous tissue; most frequently seen in fetuses of diabetic mothers |
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Term
| maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) |
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Definition
| one of several biochemical tests used to assess fetal risk for aneuploidy or getal defects; component of the "triple screen" |
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Definition
| reduced amount of amniotic fluid |
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Definition
| organ of communication where nutrition and products of metabolism are interchanged btw the fetal and maternal blood systems; forms from the chorion frondosum with a maternal decidual contribution |
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Definition
| placental implantation encroaches upin the lower uterine segment; if the placenta presents first in later pregnancy, bleeding is inevitable |
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Definition
| excessive amount of amniotic fluid |
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Definition
| a 40 week pregnancy is divided into three 13 week periods from the first day of the last normal menstrual period (week 1-12, 13-26, 27-end) |
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Definition
| connecting lifeline btw the fetus and placenta; contains 2 umbilical a and 1 umbilical v, which carries oxygenated fetal blood encased in Wharton's Jelly |
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Definition
| a circular structure within the gestational sac seen btw 4-10 wks of gestational age; supplies nutrition, facilitates waste removal, and is the origin of early hematopoietic stem cells in the embryo; lies btw the chorion and the amnion |
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Definition
| products of conception from fertilization through implantation; lasts approx 12 days after conception |
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Definition
| self-governing or self-directing freedom and especially moral independence; the right of persons to choose and to have their choices respected |
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| bringing about good by maximizing the benefits and minimizing possible harm |
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| holding info in confidence; respect for privacy |
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Definition
| the study of what is good and bad and of moral duty and obligation; systematic reflection on and analysis of morality |
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Definition
| providing complete info and assuring comprehension and voluntary consent by a patient or subject to be required or experimental medical procedure |
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Definition
| adherence to moral and ethical principles |
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| the ethical principle that requires fair distribution of benefits and burdens |
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Definition
| the protection of cherished values that relate to how persons interact and live in peace |
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| refrain from harming oneself or others |
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| incorporates both respect for the autonomy of individuals and the requirement to protect those with diminished autonomy |
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| society of diagnostic medical sonography |
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Definition
| Code of Ethics for sonographers has been adopted by ? |
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| concerns right and wrong conduct; good and bad character; duties and values |
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| freedom and autonomy are integral to ? because values can be expressed |
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| pluralistic, multicultureal |
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Definition
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| ? is learned through personal experiences and family traditions, and from normative behavior w/in communities |
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Definition
| requires the sonographer to obtain appropriate education and clinical skills to ensure competence in performing each required examination |
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Definition
two problems:
a. may cause unnecessary harm
b. may undermine the informed consent by reporting in an incomplete or inaccurate manner |
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Definition
| The use of obstetric ultrasound must be justified by the goal of seeking the greater balance of clinical “goods” over “harms,” not simply avoiding harm to the patient at all cost. |
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Definition
| the right to self-determination |
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Definition
| Patients, including pregnant women, have their own perspective on their interests that should be respected as much as the clinician’s perspective on the patient’s interests |
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Term
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Definition
| ? refers to a person’s capacity to formulate, express, and carry out value-based preferences |
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Definition
| providing a detailed explanation of the examination, including appropriate choices such as the right to view the screen or determine the gender of the fetus |
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| the nonmedical use of sonography, the videotaping or photography of “baby pictures.” |
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Definition
| Name a current ethical issue |
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Term
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Definition
| Sonographers are/aren't justified in disclosing findings of normal anatomy directly to the pregnant woman |
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Definition
Use of translators
Disabled patients
Obese Patients
Children |
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Definition
| ? concerns the obligation of caregivers to protect clinical information about patients from unauthorized access |
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| ethics tries to answer the key question ? |
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| ? has to do with the protection of cherished values, ? is a discipline of study that seeks to articulate clear, consistent, coherent, and practical guidelines for conduct and character |
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Definition
| Prince Hammurabi of Babylon recoded the responsibilities of health care providers in ? BC |
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| early ? writers about 1727 BC cautioned healers to treat patients with respect, gentleness, and dignity |
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| ancient Greece, 5th century |
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Definition
| fundamental principles or Western medical ethics were first recorded in ? about the ? century BC |
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| Hippocrates; first, do no harm |
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Definition
| who said primum non nocere and what does it mean |
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Term
| primum non nocere = first do no harm |
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Definition
| what is the ethical principle of nonmalefience? |
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Term
| a patient wasn't someone who paid for treatment but a patient now was anyone needing care -- foresaw a team approach |
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Definition
| How did Thomas Percival change medical ethics |
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Term
| nuremberg trials = experimentation by Nazi doctors |
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Definition
| what major even codified modern medical ethics |
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Definition
| ? emphasized individual rights and autonomy |
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Term
| as low as reasonably possible |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| seek the greatest benefit in the case of pregnant patients -- go beyond the minimum standard protocol and to seek additional images |
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Definition
| the respect for persons falls under which medical ethical principle |
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Term
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Definition
| informed consent is an ?-based right |
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| is there autonomy based obligations to the fetus? |
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| occurs when a benefit to which a person is entitled is withheld |
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