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Rocks & Minerals Vocab
all the rocks and the minerals vocabulary
19
Geology
10th Grade
04/04/2007

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Term
intrusive
Definition
rocks that form under ground from cooled magma
Term
coarse grain (ex)
Definition
-rocks with large mineral grains of uniform size
-granite
Term
extrusive
Definition
rock that forms when lava cools (above ground)
Term
fine grain (ex)
Definition
-rocks formed from magma with minerals too small to see w/o a microscope
-basalt
Term
lithification
Definition
pressure and cementing
Term
clastic (ex)
Definition
-sedimentary rocks
-formed from rock fragments
-shale, sandstone, and conglomerate
Term
chemical (ex)
Definition
-sedimentary rocks
-formed from mineral greains that fall out of a solution by evaporation or by chemical action
-rock salt
Term
organic (ex)
Definition
-sedimentary rocks
-formed from the remains of plants and animals
-coal
Term
regional metamorphasism
Definition
large areas of rock under lots of heat and pressure
Term
contact metamorphism
Definition
hot magma forces its way into overlying rocks
Term
mineral families
Definition
silicaes, oxides, natural elements, sulfides, sulfates, chicrides, carbonates, phosphates
Term
mineral: physical properties
Definition
streak, luster, cleavage, crystal systems, specific gravity,l hardness (moh's hardness sclae)
Term
moh's hardness scale
Definition
1 talc, 2 gypsum, 3 calcite, 4 fluorite, 5 appetite, 6 feldspar, 7 quartz, 8 topaz, 9 corondum, 10 diamond
Term
crystal systems
Definition
monoclinic, triclinic, orthorhombic, isometric, hexagonal, tetragonal
Term
felsic (ex)
Definition
-light colored , high-silica rocks formed from thick, slow moving magma
-quarts, feldspar
Term
mafic (ex)
Definition
-dark colored, low-silica rocks and is formed from hotter, thinner magma
-basalt, hormblende, augite, biotited, gabbro
Term
diorite (ex)
Definition
-coarse grained with less quartz than granite
-andesite, diorite
Term
foliation
Definition
when rocks are squeezed into layers where the rocks can break easily
Term
van der waal forces
Definition
when an atom is polarized
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