Term
| What is the most common organism group on the earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three things all organisms have in common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the order that biologists originally thought the three common things were? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the problem biologists had with the original order? |
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Definition
| DNA needed to make proteins and proteins needed to make DNA so what came first? |
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Term
| What did the biologists conclude from the RNA problem? |
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Definition
| RNA was made originally which created proteins which created DNA |
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Term
| Why is the idea that RNA came first a more realistic view? |
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Definition
| It is more variable that DNA as it has more functions than just a store of genetic information |
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Term
| What three things make DNA differ from RNA? |
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Definition
| Uracil instead of thymine, ribose sugar rather than deoxyribose and single stranded rather than double stranded |
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Term
| What makes RNA more flexible than DNA? |
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Definition
| Two -OH' groups by having a ribose sugar |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| What did Stanley Miller do? |
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Definition
| Try recreate early earth conditions to produce organic molecules |
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Term
| What did Stanley Miller find? |
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Definition
| He managed to synthesise simple molecules and amino acids |
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Term
| What was the problem with Stanley Miller's experiment? |
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Definition
| The production of these molecules resulted the depletion of the atmosphere which would not happen in early living conditions |
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Term
| What are the four possibilities of the origin of life? |
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Definition
| Atmosphere, Space, Deep sea vents or Clay catalysts |
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Term
| What was the atmosphere theory of the origin of life? |
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Definition
| Atmosphere contained simple elements which created larger molecules |
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Term
| What was the space theory of the origin of life? |
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Definition
| Meteorites hit earth containing amino acids, carbon compounds and water |
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Term
| What is the deep sea vent theory of the origin of life? |
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Definition
| Mineral rich water could form larger macro-molecules by being oxidised and reduced on the sea rocks |
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Term
| What is the clay theory of the origin of life? |
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Definition
| Evidence has shown that ogliosaccharides and nucletotides |
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Term
| What are the five arguments in favour of an RNA world? |
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Definition
1)RNA can replicate itself
2)More parsimonious
3)RNA preceded DNA
4)Plausible
5)Ribososomes require RNA in protein synthesis |
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Term
| What are the seven functions of RNA? |
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Definition
| Store of genetic information, carry genetic information, scaffolding, structure, templates, catalytic activity and recognition |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How do virusoids replicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the hammerhead ribozyme do? |
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Definition
| Cleave DNA replicated by rolling circle mechanisms |
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Term
| What six activities does RNA have in the cell? |
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Definition
| Ribozymes, binding to activate, transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, translation and organisation of DNA |
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Term
| WHat are the three types of RNA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A sequence within RNA that binds small metabolites to regulate gene expression |
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Term
| What does SELEX stand for? |
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Definition
| Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment |
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Term
| Outline the SELEX mechanism? |
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Definition
1)Select a random sequence (See if it prodcues RNA with desired products)
2)Amplify it
3)Mutate it
4)Select it again
5) See if it produces an RNA with desired prodcucts |
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Term
| What are the five results found from SELEX? |
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Definition
| RNA polymerisation, cycloadditions, C-C bonds, phosphorylation and C-N bond formation |
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Term
| How can we use ribozymes to treat HIV infections? |
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Definition
| The hammerhead ribozyme will cleave the HIV's DNA and prevent it from replicated |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules that can bind to a wide range of molecules |
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Term
| What process found aptamers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three things ca aptamers be used for? |
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Definition
| Biosensors, drug targets and gene regulation |
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