all are helical

all are enveloped, ether sensitive

all carry RdRp in particle

transcription first step

mRNA complementary to genome

rhabdoviridae

paramyxoviridae

filoviridae

carry a RNA genome with no open reading frame

virus particle carries a RdRp

- RNA non-segmented, bullet shaped particle

multiples in muscle cells at the NMJ enters the peripheral nervous system

total neuronal dissemination

posterior horns of spinal cord, cortex, midbrain, basal ganglia, and medulla damaged

from CNS throught automonic nerves reaches salivary gland

no viremia

slow virus, only one serotype

bite of a rabid animal

not transmitted by mosquitoes

1-3 months of incubation period

fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, pain at bite site, confusion, hallucination

CNS disease almost always fatal encephalitis

hyperexcitability

aggression

convulsion

hydrophobia (swallowing leads to pain)

gradually spreading pareses

coma, death

no viremia

negribodies- cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in hippocampus and spinal cord (pathognonomic)

immunoflourescent examination of infected brain of rabid animal for viral antigen

killed virus vaccine for high risk people (animal handlers)

rabies IgG and killed vaccine to people bitten by rabid animals

long incubation period after infection, allows vaccination effective

domestic cats, and dogs to be vaccinated

killed virus vaccine for high risk people (animal handlers)

rabies IgG and killed vaccine to people bitten by rabid animals

long incubation period after infection, allows vaccination effective

domestic cats and dogs to be vaccinated

eneveloped, one segement of -RNA

antigentically stable, single serotype

HN

F protein

production of protease by host

mediates membrane fusion

initiaties virus infection+spread of virus to cells

fusion activity

cause syncytia formation

major cause acute croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) in infants

URI in adults and children

occurs during fall months

URI

occasionally LRI

number one cause of LRI and bronchiolitis, pneumonia in infants below 2 years

important cause of otitis media

no viremia

no hemagglutinin or neuraminidase activities

posses F protein, and a G protein

ribavirin nasal spray

transmission by large droplets (sneezing)

virus in saliva and urine

acute contagious disease

pancreatitis

nonsuppurative enlargement of parotid gland, testis, ovaries

asceptic meningitis

meningoencephalitis

droplet infection

oropharynx

replication in respiratory tract

regional lymph nodes

primary viremia

virus spread to reticuloendothelial system

virus replication

viremia II

dissememination to skin, urinary tract and CNS

first on the face and then descends to trunk and extremities

disappears in the same sequence

coryza, hacking cough, conjunctivitis

multinucleated giant cells

koplik's spots

small, bluish white ulceration on the buccal mucosa oppostie to lower molars

contain viral antigens in cytoplasm and nucleus

multinucleated cells

viremia

respiratory symptoms

kopliks spots

rashes

encephalitis

SSPE

interstitial giant cell pneumonia

acute postinfectious encephalitis

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

leukocyte infilteration of bronchial and alveolar walls

fusion of epithelial cells syncytia

one week after appearance of rash

autoimmune reaction against brain tissue

meningeal irritation

CSF contains measles antibodies

generally affects children

develops many years after measles infection

viral inclusion in brain cells

measles RNA found

no infectious virions produced

CSF contains measles antibodies

marburg, ebola viruses

one - sense RNA segment

monkeys can function as reservoirs

highly virulent viruses (P4 pathogen)

transmitted by contact and respiratory route

cause African Hemmorrhagic Fevers

hemorrhage in many body orificies

two segments of - RNA

also ambisense coding strategy

helical nucleocapsid

persistent infection in mice

arenavirus

viremia

vertical spread to offsprings

aseptic meningitis in humans

extremely virulent

P4

west africa

viremia

ribavirin treatment

mice

airborne or excrement of mice

vomiting/Diarrhea

carditis

hepatitis

encephalopathy

junin virus

viremia

mouse transmission

machupo virus

viremia, transmitted by mouse

contains 3 - sense RNA segments

most of the members are transmitted by insects

helical nucleocapsid, enveloped

most of them are insect transmitted

la crosse encephalitis virus

california encephalitis virus

rift valley fever

crimean congo hemorrhagic fever

hantaan virus

hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HVPS)

transmitted by deer mouse

respiratory route of transmission

no insect vector

virus excreted in urine and feces

viremia, no man to man transmission

ribavirin treatment

enveloped, - sense RNA, segmented

8 RNAs in Flu A & B

7 RNAs if Flu C

two glycoproteins: HA, NA

nucleocapsid protein (N), matrix protein (M)

subtypes of influenza based on variation in HA ( 3 types), NA (2 types)

nucleocapsid protein

matrix protein

oligomerized to trimers

cleaved into HA1 HA2 by extracellular proteases held by disulfide bonds

has a globular and stalk part

membrane anchor part

responsible for fusion activity

tetramer on surface of envelope

removes sialic acid residues on glycoproteins

facilitates release of viral particle

minor change in HA/NA genes

occurs slowly over years

few nucleotide alterations by error prone viral polymerase

can occur both in flu A and B

major change in HA/NA

occurs rapidly within a given season

genome reassortment (animal/human)

only in Flu A

no flu B or C viruses that infects animals

sialic acid receptor for HA

virus uncoats in the cytoplasm

nucleocapsid reaches the nucleus

viral RNA polymerase cus the host nascent mRNA at the 5' end

5' RNA pieces are used as primers for Flu transcription (mRNA synthesis)

cap snatching, cannibalization mechanism

only rna virus with a nuclear replicative cycle and splicing during transcription

chills, headache, dry cough, muscle pain, malaise, anorexia, coryza

myocarditis, encephalitis

amantadine/rimantidine

neuraminidase inhibitors

anti flu a

block viral uncoating in the cytoplasm, probably through M2 protein

resistant mutants map M2 protein

acute encephalopathy of children and adolescents

progressive mental retardation

fatty degeneratio of Liver

influenza A, B, and VZV association

exacerbated by salicylates

an immune complex disease

CNS disorder, acute demyelinating neuropathy

associated with swine influenza vaccination

inflammation of peripheral nerves leading to paralysis

associated with complicated CMV, EBV infection

hepatitis may also occur

non-enveloped, icosahedral nucleocapsid

10 segments of dsRNA

dsRNA specific RNA polymerase

mostly infect animals

model system

cause respiratory and gastrointestinal infection in rodents

no known human disease

11 dsRNA segments

oral fecal route of transmission

number one cause of infantile diarrhea

rotovirus b causese diarrhea in adults

12 dsRNA segments

transmittd by Ticks

causes rashes and similar clinical picture as that of rocky mountain spotted fever