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+ RNA Viruses
RNA
51
Microbiology
Professional
03/11/2013

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Examples of enveloped +sense RNA viruses
Definition

Toga

flavi

corona(helical)

Term
Examples of non enveloped +RNA viruses
Definition

Picorna

calici

astro

Term
features to + sense RNA viruses
Definition

Cubical nucleocapsid

translation first step

cytoplasmic life cycle

 Non segmented single strand one RNA genome

Term
Positive RNA viruses
Definition
Carry a mRNA type positive RNA gneome
Term
Examples of togaviruses
Definition

Rubella 

alphavirus

Term
How are alphaviruses transmitted
Definition
Mosquitos
Term
What does rubella virus infect
Definition
Humans only
Term
Rubella virus
Definition

Positive sense RNA virus

single serotype

infects humans only

Term
how is rubella transmitted and replicated
Definition
Droplet infections/respiratory replication in respiratory tract viremia
Term
German measles
Definition

Acute disease/self limiting disease in adults

rubella, 3 days measles, third disease

blotchy, non confluent rash-appear on the face and descend to body

rashes stay for 3 days

cervical lymphadenopathy

Term
Congential rubella syndrome
Definition

Teratogenic effect of rubella 

first trimester infections of the fetus cause severe damage

Term
Permanent defects of congential rubella
Definition

Congential heart disease (ductus arteriosis)

total or partial blindness: cataract, chorioretinitis, glaucoma

neurosensory deafness

Term
Transient defects of congential rubella virus
Definition

Thrombocytopenic purpura

hepatospleenomegaly

meningoencephalitis

Term
CNS involvement in congenital rubella virus
Definition

Mental retardation 

progressive rubella panencephalitis

Term
Vaccine for rubella virus
Definition
Live attenuated virus
Term
How do you diagnose rubella virus
Definition
Elisa for rubella antibodies
Term
Alphaviruses
Definition

Mosquito transmitted togavirus

mostly subclinical or inapparent infections

eastern equine encephalitis(eee)

western equine encephalitis (wee)

venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee)

chikungunya: arthropathy

causes viremia

enecphalitis of horses, birds and humans

Term
Arbovirus infections
Definition

Encephalitis 

rash fevers

hemorrhagic fevers

virus introduced in bloodstream

viremia produced

fever, chills, aching, rapid onset

Term
Arboviruses
Definition

Insects (mosquito, sandfly, ticks)

toga, flavi, rhabdo, reo and bunya

all are RNA viruses

cytoplasmic life cycle

summer, fall, water stagnation, insect activity 

abandoned tires, rainfall, mosquito eggs

multiply in insects, heavy load in saliva

persistent infection in insects, no disease

viremia in insects and vertebrate host

overwintering in eggs

jungle cycle, urban cycle

Term
Flaviviruses
Definition
Single transcription, translation unit
Term
St. Louis Encephalitis
Definition

Mosquito-borne flavivirus

birds as reservoir 

east coast, Midwest, endemic in the usa

Term
Japanese Enceohaphalitis
Definition

Mosquito borne flavivirus

many Asian countries

Pigs, birds as reservoirs 

killed virus vaccine 

Term
Ticked borne encephalitis
Definition
Mostly in Europe
Term
Yellow fever
Definition

Mosquito Borne flavivirus

single serotype

live attenuated vaccine (17D)

endemic in South America, Africa

thousands died in the USA in the past

hepatitis, hemorrhage into stomach (black vomitus)

Term
Dengue
Definition

four different serotypes/vaccine hard

mosquito borne flavivirus

acute infection

dengue H shock syndrome

immune complex involving two different serotypes

asain countries, south america(Nicaragua)

Term
Hepatitis c
Definition

Flavivirus, not transmitted by insects

multiple serotypes

most common cause of transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis

by sexual activity, I/V drug use, blood products

both acute and chronic infection

major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma

alpha interferon treatment

Term
Coronaviruses
Definition

The only enveloped helical (+) sense virus

respiratory and gi infections

an important cause of common cause

infects animals and humans

Term
SARS
Definition

Type of coronavirus

severe acute respiratory syndrome

flu like symptoms, pneumonia 

feb 2003, Asia, 12 countries

10,000 infected, 900 died

2004 very few cases

Term
Picorna virus
Definition

Smallest group of RNA virus

genome:single transcription, translation unit

protein linked at 5' end

Cap independent translation

Term
Three subgroups of picoranaviruses
Definition

Enteroviruses

rhinoviruses

heparnaviruses

Term
examples of enteroviruses
Definition

Polio 1,2,3

coxsackie a and b

echoviruses

Term
Enteroviruses
Definition

Cubical, non enveloped viruses

polyprotein produced from genome 

resistant to acid pH of stomach 

oral-fecal route of transmission

most infections in children

replicate in oropharynx, gut mucosa viremia, spread to CNS 

 

Term
What is the host for polio virus
Definition
Humans only
Term
Polio virus
Definition

1,2,3 serotypes, human only host 

hematogenous and neuronal spread to CNS

anterior horn of brain stem or spinal cord infected 

Term
Abortive poliomylitis
Definition
No CNS involvement
Term
Aseptic meningitis
Definition
Stiff neck, meningeal irritation
Term
Paralytic poliomyelitis
Definition
Assymmetric flaccid paralysis sensory perception intact
Term
Bulbar polio
Definition
Paralysis of muscles of the soft palate, pharynx (9&10 cranial nerves severely affected)
Term
Coxsackie A
Definition
Herpangina: sore throat, vesicles on soft palate similar to HSV-1
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Hand foot mouth disease: vesicular lesions on hand and face
Term
Coxsackie B
Definition

Pleurodynia (muscle pain in the chest, epidemic myalgia, Bornholm disease) Aseptic meningitis and mild paresis Neonatal myocarditis, pericarditis, Myocardiopathy,

Diabetes Mellitus

Term
ECHO virus
Definition

enteric human orphan virus

aseptic meningitis

Term
rhinovirus
Definition

picorna virus, +stranded RNA, cytoplasmic cycle

unstable to acid pH of stomach (enteroviruses are acid stable)

more than 100 serotypes known, vaccine development difficult

Term
rhinovirus epidemiology and disease
Definition

most frequent cause of common cold

school children are considered to transmit this virus most efficiently

respiratory route of enter, personal contact

Term
hepatitis A structure and biology
Definition

picorna, +sense RNA

no envelope, stable to ether, acid, and heat

relatively stable to disinfectants

only one serogroup

Term
hepatitis a epidemology and disease
Definition

infectious hepatitis or short incubation hepatitis

no chronic hepatitis or parentaral

oral-fecal route (rarely by parentaral)

raw seafood probably derived from feces contaminated water

Term
hepatitis a vaccine
Definition
inactivated viral vaccine for foreign travellers
Term
caliciviruses/norwalk virus (ohio)
Definition

epidemic gasterenteritis

non-enveloped plus RNA

waterborne, food borne, (oral-fecal route) and shellfish associated

Term
caliciviruses/norovirus
Definition
gastroenteritis
Term
hepatitis E
Definition

+ RNA, no envelope

oral-fecal route of transmission

raw seafood associated gastroenteritis and hepatitis

Term
characteristic of most viruses that infect the gut
Definition
they dont have an envelope
Term
astroviridae
Definition

non-enveloped + RNA virus

oral-fecal route of transmission

infantile diarrhea

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