Term
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Definition
| independently folding domain of transcription activator protein that recruits components of the transcription machinery to the gene and then interacts with various components of the machinery to stimulate transcription |
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Term
| basic region/leucine zipper (bzip) protein |
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Definition
| binds to DNA as dimers that are held together through coiled coil interactions |
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Definition
| basic amino acid sequence combined with the leuzine zipper |
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Term
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Definition
| sequence motif 50-200 bp upstream from initiation site inside regulatory/proximal promoter |
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Definition
| event that alters nuclease sensitivity of a region of chromatin, or a wide variety of changes in chromatin structure that occur during regulatory processes |
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Definition
| loop formed by residues between first two cysteine residues in zinc finger in DNA-binding domain that interacts with another dimerization loop in other DNA-binding domain to stabilize homodimer |
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Term
| DNA affinity chromatography |
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Definition
| can be used to purify transcription activator proteins; beads have tandem repeats of sequence motif that binds transcription activator protein; put mixture through calf thymus DNA with a few transcription activator proteins bound, then through affinity column with beads |
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Term
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Definition
| domain of transcription activator proteins that makes sequence-specific contacts with control elements in a gene's regulatory promoter or enhancer, classified by structure |
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Definition
| can stimulate transcription even when they are far away from the transcription initiation site and when inserted in either orientation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| yeast transcription activator protein belonging to Cys_6 zinc cluster family that regulates the transcription of genes involved in galactose metabolism, has DNA binding and activation domains |
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Term
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Definition
| genes within blocked chromatin regions are silenced |
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Term
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Definition
| dimers, binds to DNA sites as homodimers or heterodimers in manner reminiscent of bzip protein |
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Definition
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Definition
| modifies histones on N-terminal tail to activate transcription |
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Term
| histone deacetylase (HDAC) |
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Definition
| removes acetyl groups from histone N-terminal tails, which lowers transcriptional activity |
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Term
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Definition
| conserved sequence that specifies the 60-amino acid residue helix-turn-helix DNA binding domain, its proteins bind to regulatory promoters and enhancers and enhancers (sequence-specific), may act as activator proteins or repressor proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA-binding domain formed by C-terminus of homeobox protein, contains a helix-turn-helix motif |
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Term
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Definition
| assigns positional identities along axes to cells during embryonic development, first clue to existence of helix-turn-helix activator protein structure |
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Term
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Definition
| imperfect palindrome to which homodimer binds (zinc finger binding) |
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Term
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Definition
| coiled coil dimerization domain |
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Term
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Definition
| domain and ligand undergo conformation changes when bound together |
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Term
| linker-scanning mutagenesis |
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Definition
| reveals regulatory promoter's presence just upstream from core promoter by systematically replacing short upstream DNA sequences with DNA linker with random sequence of same size and inserting plasmid to see if transcription machinery works |
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Term
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Definition
| superfamily that has Cys_4 zinc finger motifs, allows cells in higher organisms to respond to variety of external and internal chemical signals by increasing or decreasing the transcription of specific genes |
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Term
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Definition
| tandem pair of helix-turn-helix motifs which can bind DNA (one homeobox, one POU), joined by linker, has activation domain on each side |
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Term
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Definition
| transcription activator proteins that belong to Pit, Oct, Unc superfamily, contain POU and homeobox domain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| transcription activator protein |
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Definition
| needed to stimulate RNA synthesis, has DNA-binding domain and activation domain |
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Term
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Definition
| detects polypeptides that interact through non-covalent interactions; first protein fused with DNA binding domain, second fused with activation domain. If they bind, then transcription occurs. |
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Term
| upstream activating sequence (UAS) |
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Definition
| spans 118-bp and contains four Gal4 binding sites, only one of four 17-bp sites must be present to stimulate transcription, binds in absence of galactose and glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Cys2His2 biound to zinc ion in each repeating sequence causing each unit to fold independently |
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