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rlst exam 2
world religions UIUC
63
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 2
12/13/2012

Additional Religious Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Tanakh
Definition
J - It is the Hebrew word for the canon of the hebrew bible
Term
Torah
Definition
J - First five books of the old testament. Books of Moses
Term
Nevi'im
Definition
J - second divisionof the Tanakh
Term
Ketuvim
Definition
J - thrid division of the Tanakh
Term
1st and 2nd temple
Definition
J - first destroyed 586 BCE by babylonians
second destroyed by romans in 70 CE
Term
Mishnah
Definition
J - The first redaction of the Jewish "oral torah". It is the second most important text after the Tanakh and it is the first major work of rabbinic judaism.
Term
Talmud
Definition
J - The ody of Jewish cerimonial and civil law.
Term
Midrash
Definition
J - A way of interpreting the stories of Judaism assuming that every word and pen stroke has meaning and imprtance.
Term
Hasmonean Dynasty
Definition
J - Ruled Israel from 140 to 115 BCE
Term
Pharisees
Definition
J - A political party/school of thought/social movement during the second temple era of judaism. They more represented the common people.
Term
Sadducees
Definition
J - much like the Pharisees only consisting more of upper class and the wealthy.
Term
Essenes
Definition
J - a third sect of judaism during the second temple period. They practiced sef denial and abstinence from worldly pleasures. Think Jews gone Buddhist.
Term
Rabbinic Judaism
Definition
J - The most mainstream form of Judaism since around the 6th century CE. It believes that Oral Law or the Mishnah is essential to understanding the Torah. This philosophy became popular during the Jewish dispora.
Term
Maimonides
Definition
Jewish philosopher born in present day Spain. His most famous works were the systematic code of all jewish law and an extensive commentary on the mishnah.
Term
Moses Mendelssohn
Definition
J- Considered the father of reform Judaism, his enlightenment ideas were the basis for the Haskalah.
Term
Sephardim
Definition
J - refers to the jewish people of Spain and Portugal
Term
Ashkenazi
Definition
J - A group of Jewish people originating in southeastern asia and eventually settling in Germany and all over.
Term
Kabbalah
Definition
J - a school of thought of Judaism focused on the mystic aspects of the religion
Term
Reform Judaism
Definition
J - less strict adherence to jewish law. Mixes jewish teachings with surrounding culture, also adding enlightenment elements
Term
Orthodox Judaism
Definition
J - Strictly adhere to the Talmudic interpretation of the Torah.
Term
Conservative Judaism
Definition
J- focused on preserving Jewish traditions.
Term
Zionism
Definition
J - Zionism supports Jews upholding their Jewish identity and opposes the assimilation of Jews into other societies and has advocated the return of Jews to Israel
Term
Two penitential holidays of Judaism
Definition
Rosh Hashannah and Yom Kippur
Term
Three pilgrimage festivals of Judaism
Definition
Passover, Shavuot and Sukkot
Term
Septuagint
Definition
C and J- Translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek
Term
Synoptic Gospels
Definition
C- Matthew Mark and Luke. They all tell the story of Jesus' last days and other stories
Term
Canonical Gospels
Definition
C - Matthew Mark Luke and John. They all describe Jesus' life.
Term
Saint Antony
Definition
Christian Saint that focused on the monasticism or the renunciation of worldly pleasures. From Egypt.
Term
Saint Francis
Definition
Christian saint who focused on living life as Jesus did. He was always in poverty and he preached to nature as if they were humans.
Term
Theosis
Definition
C - In Orthadoxy, theosis is the process of living as god and developing a union with god.
Term
Icon
Definition
C - In orthadoxy, an Icon is a symbol for beliefs, usually in the form of art
Term
Justification
Definition
C - The reason God wipes away sin. In Catholicism, it is done through belief and works
Term
Atonement
Definition
C - The wiping away of Christian's sins.
Term
Sacrament
Definition
C - a sacred rite recognized as of particular importance and significance. examples would be baptism and confirmation
Term
Sola Fide/Sola Scriptura
Definition
Sola scriptura is a text designed to inform the reader of all holiness and ways of entering heaven. It argues that the old and new testament are the direct word of god. Sola fide emphasizes that one can be forgiven for sins through FAITH ALONE and not work.
Term
Fundamentalism
Definition
C - a protestant movement that upholds the literal reading of the bible. Think creationists/people who think that dinosaurs didn't exist.
Term
(five pillars) Shahadah
Definition
I - Confessions. The declaration of belief in God
Term
(five pillars) Salat
Definition
I - Prayer
Term
(five pillars) Zakat
Definition
I - alms-giving. Giving money to the needy.
Term
(five pillars) Sawm
Definition
I - Fasting during Ramadan
Term
(five pillars) Hajj
Definition
I - Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once.
Term
Five articles of Faith
Definition
I - God, Last Day (judgement and afterlife), Angels, The scriptures (torah psalms, gospels and especially the Quaran), Prophets (28 mentioned in Quaran)
Term
Quran
Definition
I - Book containing the central teachings of Islam. It was created shortly after the death of muhammed as mandated by the Caliph
Term
Hijra
Definition
I - The journey of Muhammed and his followers from Mecca to Medina
Term
Ka'ba
Definition
I - A large cuboid structure in Mecca. It is the holiest of Islamic buildings and Muslims are supposed to face it during prayer
Term
Sunna
Definition
I - The well trodden path. The way Muslims should live.
Term
Rightly guided caliphs
Definition
I - The 4 caliphs who led the Muslims after the death of Muhammad from medina.
Term
(Rightly guided caliphs) Ali
Definition
Cousin of Muhammed, Shi'a muslims claim he should have been the first rightly guided caliph as he is blood related to muhammad. Moved capital city from Saudi Arabia to Iraq
Term
(Rightly guided caliphs) Uthman
Definition
Companion of Muhammad,
Term
(Rightly guided caliphs) Abu Bakr
Definition
The first caliph after the death of muhammad.
Term
Imam
Definition
I - The worship leader of a mosque and
Term
Ummayad Caliphate
Definition
I - started with the third caliph, Uthman, It lasted about a 100 years. In that time, they create the largest empire the world had yet seen.
Term
Abbasid Caliphate
Definition
I - Started just after the Ummayad, it lasted almost 500 years. Moved capital to Baghdad. During this caliphate Islam has it's golden age of Math, Science and philosophy.
Term
Sunni
Definition
I - The majority of muslims are sunni
Term
Shi'a
Definition
I - Shi'a believe that the caliph should be a blood relative of muhammad. They also have a specific view on Imam or the leaders. They believe that these leaders can commit no sin and everyone must follow them, because they are appointed by god.
Term
Kharijites/Ibadi
Definition
I - Conservative form of Islam. Believe caliph must follow the Quaran to a T and if he fails to do so, it is up to the people to confront him.
Term
Fiqh
Definition
I - an expansion on the Sharia law, it depicts how certain rituals need to be done.
Term
Sharia
Definition
I - a set of secular and personal laws and rules. Some of which appear directly in Quran and some of which are given by the example muhammad sets in the Sunnah
Term
Sufism
Definition
I- The inner mystical dimension of Islam. Sufism is supposed to help a follower turn his attention from everything that is not god.
Term
Islamism
Definition
I - The application of Islam to the political and secular realm. More of a political party and way of thought than anything.
Term
Modernist Islam
Definition
I - Less strict adherence to certain texts. Usually only follow the Quran and tentatively the Sunnah. Also modernits tend to focus a lot less on the political aspect of Islam.
Term
William Seymour
Definition
C - An African American minister and starter of the pentecostalism. It emphasizes the direct experience of God through baptism.
Term
John Withrop
Definition
C - Brought over the first large wave of Europeans to America. He wanted his colony to be the Puritan "city upon the hill" or a perfect state looked up to by all surrounding states. He also wrote a model of christian charity
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