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RLEM
Range Land mgmt exam 2
34
Agriculture
Undergraduate 3
04/13/2009

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Cards

Term
Shrubs trap nutrient rich sediments and shrub seeds which leads to increases in shurbs and so on. What is this an example of?
Definition
Positive feed back
Term
Which livestock were sold/traded for grain and condiments?
Definition
cattle, sheep, goats, and camels
Term
What products were aquired for animals in the flows of energy chart?
Definition
sorghum, corn and sugar
Term
What was the total energy expended to aquire these products from the energy flow chart?
Definition
.29
Term
What was the energy gain from pastoral foods?
Definition
1.48
Term
What was the energy gain from nonpastoral foods?
Definition
.47
Term
From the livestock perspective what component of the plant community is primarly being used?
Definition
dwarf shrubs
Term
From the human perspective what component of the plant community is being directly used?
Definition
Wild plants
Term
For what purpose do humans directly use shrubs and trees?
Definition
fuel and construction
Term
In the energy flow chart is it mainly beef, dairy or blood operation?
Definition
Dairy
Term
 Ecological restoration is best defined as?
Definition
Process and aiding the recovery of a degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystem 
Term
What are the goals of ecological restoration?
Definition

1. To achieve sustainable resillient and interconnected ecosystems

2. To provide good and services to humans

3. To proved habitat and well-being for non-human species

4. All the above

Term
Which of the following statements are true about applying ecological restoration?
Definition
ecological restoration attempts to return an ecosystem to its historic trajectory
Term
Which of the following are key factors for assisting the recovery of natural ecosystems?
Definition
E. all the above
Term
Which of the following is not a principle for restoring autogenic sucession in disturbed ecosystems?
Definition
Plant only native species to accelerate the recovery process.
Term
Which statement is true about ecological restoration?
Definition
Ecosystems subjected to severe disturbance may have limited capacity for self repair
Term
In the example of tiger bush in Niger, what are the underlying problems for degration?
Definition
Human population related increase in demand for fuel wood and grazing resources which led to reduction to shrubs, increase runoff and increase soil erosion.
Term
What is global warming?
Definition
Solar radiation trapped by green house gasses.
Term
What are the green house gasses?
Definition

1. N2

2. CH4

3. N2O

4. CO2

Term
What is the sourse of 2000 year data of green house gasses?
Definition
glacial ice cores
Term
What primarly causes the annual cycle called the keeling curve?
Definition
respiration and photosynthesis of soils
Term
Which of the following are predictions of the effects of global warming on drylands?
Definition

1. Decrease in nitrogen content in forbes species.

2. Increased production of woody enroachment, C4 plants

3. Longer growning season

4. Increased winter precipation

5. More droughts in the SW

Term
Which of the following are predictions of the effects of global warming in Texas drylands?
Definition

1. Precipation; drier

2. Temp; warmer

Term
What are the dominant trends in Texas and New Mexico?
Definition
Increasing and Decreasing
Term
The figure shows that elevated CO2 causes forage nitrogen to ______ which will _______ the protein content of dryland forages and lead to ______ animal weight gain for market.
Definition
Decrease, decrease and lower
Term
 The following statements are true about grazing capacity.
Definition

1. Grazing capacity is the average number of animals grazing lands will sustain a long term.

2. A combo of grazing capacity uitilozation ecological condition and trend info is needed for sound range mgnt decisions.

Term
What is stocking rate best defind as?
Definition
The amount allocated to each animal unit for the grazable period of the year.
Term
What is the best definition for forage demand measures?
Definition

1. An animal unit is defined as a mature cow weighing about 1000 lb which may have a calf at 6 mths old.

2. An animal unit equivelent is the ratio of forage required by a particular species.

Term
Which are the best statements about forage utilization by grazing animals?
Definition

1.Harvest efficiency is a measure of the degree to which grazing or browsing animals consume the forage or browse avaible to them.

2. High-weight conversion method

Term
What are the most true statements about the effects of stocking rate?
Definition

1. Production of beef peracre is calculated by x the production animal per unit (pounds of beef produced per AU) and the stocking rate (AU/acre)

2. The stocking rate where profit is maximized lies between the stocking rates where weight gain per animal and production per acre are maxed.

Term
What are the best statements about optimal levels of stocking rate?
Definition

1. moderate stocking has been found to give higher net, economic returns, then heavy stocking.

2. light to moderate stocking rates result in more vigirous plants lower risk of running out of forage.

 

Term
The stocking rate that produces the max animal production per acre is called what?
Definition
The ecological optimal
Term
Grazing mgnt based on heavy stocking rates results in what?
Definition

1. Reduced amounts of both live plant cover and plant litter.

2. reduce soil organic matter, infiltration, and soil moisture.

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