Term
|
Definition
-particular pathogen that has to be present for the disease to develop
-physiological or otherwise |
|
|
Term
| 3-Factor Epidemiological Triad |
|
Definition
agent
intrinsic (host factors)
extrinsic (environmental) |
|
|
Term
| Problems with 3-Factor Epidemiological Triad |
|
Definition
works for infectious diseases, but not in cases are the agents are undefinable
-for example, cardiovascular disease or anorexia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defining the extent and types of illnesses and injuries in groups and the factors that influence their distribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(1) causation
(2) natural history
(3) description of health status of population over time
(4) evaluation of intervention |
|
|
Term
| Stages of Natural History |
|
Definition
(1) Susceptibility
(2) Presymptomatic
-----Clinical Horizon-----
(3) Clinical
(4) Disability
(5) Recovery or Death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-risk factors: increases the liklihood you will get a disease (either modifiable or nonmodifiable)
-hard to classify (gradual development of chronic diseases) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Just before clinical horizon
-some syptoms have started to show |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The point at which a disease is diagnosed. Above this point, the disease is evident
-variable because of time of self-presentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sick, effectively have the disease, just above clinical horizon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any limitation of activities due to disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(1) Primary
(2) Secondary
(3) Tertiary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-general health promotion
-protective measures such as immunizations, environmental sanitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -early detection and screening of disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| limiting disease disability, treatment, rehabilitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-includes time specifications
-basic measure of diease occurance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-probability that healthy people will develop a disease over a period of time
-population AT RISK |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-unequal periods of observation
-ex: 3 people, 10 year study
person A -> 3 yr
person B -> 8 yr
person C -> 10 yr
Total: 21 person-years
-assumption that each person has equal risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-number of people in a population who have a disease in a given period of time (at a point)
-uses total population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-constructed from point prevelance
-existing cases plus new cases over a specified period over average population in that time period
-used in analyzing mental illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prevalence: used for health planning
-tells us residual (amount) in community at a given time
Incidence: fundamental tool for etiological factors in disease
-tells us the rate (the risk) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-based of actual number of events in total pop over a period of time
-usually one year, x 1000
-exz: crude birth rates, death rates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-used for understand epidemiological aspects of disease and population dynamics
-can show etiology
-ex: death rates for ages 25-34 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-rates for total pop, but adjested by statistics to "remove the effect" of population differences
-ex: age |
|
|
Term
| Proportional Mortality Rates (PMR) |
|
Definition
| number of deaths in a total populatsion due to a specific cause or disease over total deaths in population |
|
|
Term
| Sources of Error in the Measurement of Diease |
|
Definition
random (chance)
systematic (bias)
-use of non-random samples
-non-participations of a segment of the target group
-variation in availability of treatment resources
-variation in making and recording observations |
|
|
Term
| Agents of Disease: Arthropods |
|
Definition
-insects, spiders, multicellular organisms
-scabies, mites
-usually no lasting immunities to arthropods |
|
|
Term
| Agents of Disease: Protozoans |
|
Definition
-neither plant nor animal (lowest animal)
-unicellular |
|
|
Term
| Agents of Disease: Pathogenic Fungi |
|
Definition
-yeasts, mold
-common in women
-yesat infections, altheletes foot |
|
|
Term
| Agents of Disease: Bacteria |
|
Definition
-unicellular
-TB, cholera, syphillis |
|
|
Term
| Agents of Disease: Rickellsiase |
|
Definition
intracellular parasite
-combined character of bateria and virus
-arthropods carry them |
|
|
Term
| Agents of Disease: Viruses |
|
Definition
-not free living, no metabolic activity
-smallest infectious agent except prions
-measles, mumps, chicken pox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -habitual presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
outbreak or occurence of a specific disease or groups of illnesses in excess of normal expectancy
-no temporal limitations
-no specifications of geographic extent
-no universally applicable number |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
widespread epidemic over countries, continents, large populations
-can be worldwide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ability to gain access to or multiply within a host
-related to ability of host to resist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ability to cause or produce a disease (visible symptoms)
-polio (high infectivity, low pathogenicity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability/strenth of organism to cause sever illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| numbers of deaths from a disease over number of clinical cases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of deaths from a disease over population at risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability of body to produce antibodies so the body will respond diffferently following re=exposure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class A: inapparent infections frequent
Class B: clinical disease frequent but few deaths
Class C: Infections usually fatal |
|
|
