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Prominent intellectual and spokesperson for the black community.
Early 20th C
Was the liberal counterpoint to Booker T. Washington; sought to infuse racial pride, wrote the essay "the Sorrow Songs" on Negro spirituals. |
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Statement of Reform Judaism principles
Late 19th C
Statement by rabbis from Hebrew Union College of principles with the goal of extracting the moral essence from the Torah while purging the perceived excesses of Mosaic and rabbinic law; an attempt to Americanize Judaism. Helped spur the conservative movement. |
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Person who inspired Elijah Poole; God.
Early 20th C.
Mysterious figure, salesman in Detroit, preaches Islam, convinces Elijah Poole to conver, reveals himsel as God, DISAPPEARS! |
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Black clergyman in AME Church
19th Century
Originally ordained as a Lutheran, then became a Presbyterian Minister, later became a leader and bishop of the AME. Was an abolitionish before the Civil War and a leader in the black religious community afterwards. |
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Abolitionist Presbyterian clergyman and newspaper editor
Early 19th C.
Abolitionist who condemned slavery, was abused and eventually killed for espousing freedom of speech and abolitionist views in Alton, IL. |
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Famous black abolitionist
19th C.
Condemned Christianity for its support and facilitation of slavery. |
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Early suffragette
19th C.
Because of perceived male bias in the Bible, Stanton sought to create the Woman's Bible. |
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Evangelical Preacher, Congregationalist
19th C.
Preached abroad, used simply sermons and popular hymns to create a fleeting revivalism. Also founded the Moody Bible Institute to solidify religious revival gains. |
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| World's Parliament of Religions |
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Chicago gathering of international religions
Late 19th C. (1893)
Symposium on international religious diversity and pluralism; American introduction for Buddhist and Hindu religions; brainchild of Congregationalist John Henry Barrows! |
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Social Gospel and Nativist Congregationalist preacher
Late 19th and early 20th C
Wrote "Our Country" text on the dangers of religious pluralism, highlighted the menace posed by Catholic and Mormonism. |
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Social Gospel Congregationalist pastor
Late 19th and Early 20th c
Combated municipal corruption and incompetence in Columbus, OH from the City Council. Critic of new consumerist ethos; Social Gospel proponent. |
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Catholic lay activist
20th C.
Founder of the Catholic Worker movement; poverty and labor activist during the Great Depression; embraced Marxist forms of class analysis while continuing to see religion as the source of salvation, both social and spiritual. |
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Social Gospel activist; Baptist Pastor in Hell's Kitchen
Late 19th and early 20th C.
Social Gospel proponent, union, social activist |
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Liberal Presbyterian Pastor
20th C.
Wrote the 1922 Sermon "Shall the Fundamentalists Win?" Participant in the modernist controversy. |
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Three time Democratic pres candidate and foe of evolution
Late 19th and early 20th C
Prosecutor in the 1925 Scopes Trial; fundamentalist |
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Presbyterian clergyman
Late 19th and 20th C
Academic fundamentalist; led the conservative schism of the Presbyterian church |
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Pro-capitalist theology
Late 19th and 20th C
Pro-capitalist theology of Andrew Carnegie in opposition to the Social Gospel |
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American Catholic Bishop
Late 19th and 20th C
Defender of unions, social gospel proponent, foe of evolution |
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Civil Rights Organization
20th C
MLK's civil rights nonviolent organization; roots in the Montgomery Busing Boycott |
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Lay organization for temperance
Late 19th and early 20th century (1874)
Religiously motivated organization dedicated to teh prohibition of alcohol. Active as a part of the social gospel. |
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Pentecostal rebirth (1906)
Early 20th C.
Pentecostal holiness revival that spawned new distinct Pentecostal churches. Major leaders were blacks. |
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Influential Protestant theologian
20th C.
Originator of influential theology of protestant realism, a reaction to social gospel idealism. |
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Baptist preacher and civil rights movement leader
20th C.
Follower of Niebuhr, last gasp of social gospel movement. |
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Nation of Islam spokesperson
20th C.
Follower of Nation of Islam, converted to Sunni Islam after his Haj; was assassinated by Elijah Muhammad's followers (maybe..) |
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Reform and Conservative Jewish Theologian
20th C.
Critic of te secular shortcomings of modern Judaism. Civil rights leader. |
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Poke who called Vatican II
20th C.
Embraced modernism, peace.
Vatican II: reformed/modernized Catholocism. |
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American Catholic theologian
20th C.
Author of the Catholic Declaration of Religious Liberty that was approved at Vatican II. |
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Supreme Court Case that said that peyote use by Native Americans was not a free exercise of religion.
20th C.
Abandonment of compelling interest doctrine, ruling instead said that the state had no obligation to create an exemption to a valid and neutral law simply because the law directly impeded religious practice. |
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| Religious Freedom Restoration Act |
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Congressional legislation in response to Oregon v. Smith
Late 20th C.
Restored the standard for protection of religious liberty and free exercise that had existed prior to Smith; SC declared the legislation unconstitutional in City of Bourne v. Flores. |
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| Everson v. Board of Education |
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SC ruling that established the wall of separation doctrine
20th C.
Established Jefferson's doctrine of wall of separation between Church and state; applied the establishment clause to the states. |
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Creator of the Moorish Science Temple
Early 20th C.
Early incarnation of Black Muslims; superficial resemblance to Islam |
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Founder of Nation of Islam
20th C.
Was inspired by a meeting with Fard Muhammad (God) to found a black Islam with superficial resemblance to actual Islam. |
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| Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches |
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Church for gays
20th C.
Founded by former Presbyterian pastor Tony Perkins; have been controversial. |
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